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In this study, we identified 32 bZIP genes in\n                    <jats:italic>Trichoderma harzianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    Tha739 and demonstrated that\n                    <jats:italic>bZIP63.5<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited the strongest upregulation under\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Alternaria alternata<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    metabolite stress. Overexpression and knockdown strains of\n                    <jats:italic>bZIP63.5<\/jats:italic>\n                    were constructed, and phenotypic assays revealed that\n                    <jats:italic>bZIP63.5<\/jats:italic>\n                    significantly enhanced the antifungal activity of\n                    <jats:italic>T. harzianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    through direct confrontation, volatile organic compound production, and secreted metabolites. Using yeast one\u2010hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we identified that bZIP63.5 binds to known cis\u2010acting elements (TGTCACA, TGTCA, GTGA, TGAC) as well as a novel motif (TACGGAC). Yeast two\u2010hybrid screening further revealed that bZIP63.5 interacts with multiple proteins, including histone H4 and heat shock protein HSP70, suggesting its involvement in chromatin regulation and stress response. Transcriptome analysis of the\n                    <jats:italic>bZIP63.5<\/jats:italic>\n                    overexpression strain showed that it directly upregulates a set of zinc\u2010finger transcription factors, which in turn activate downstream detoxification genes (ABC transporters, cytochrome P450s) and defence\u2010related enzymes (glycosyl hydrolases, peroxidases). ChIP\u2010PCR confirmed the direct binding of bZIP63.5 to the promoters of these zinc\u2010finger TFs. Functional validation through overexpression and knockout of three core zinc\u2010finger TFs (\n                    <jats:italic>Zn2CyS6ZF56.5<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C2H2ZF36.8<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C2H2ZF40.8<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) demonstrated their essential roles in enhancing the biocontrol efficacy of\n                    <jats:italic>T. harzianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. alternata<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . This study elucidates a hierarchical transcriptional network centered on bZIP63.5 that coordinates detoxification and defence responses in\n                    <jats:italic>T. harzianum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of fungal biocontrol and potential targets for improving disease management in forestry systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.70320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T10:23:52Z","timestamp":1772965432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>bZIP63.5<\/scp>\n                    Regulates a Zinc\u2010Finger Mediated Detoxification Network in Trichoderma Harzianum for Enhanced Biocontrol of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Alternaria alternata<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yongfeng","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry Shenyang Agricultural University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Province Key Laboratory of Efficient Crop Production and Food Quality Safety, Modern Agricultural Industry Research Institute of Henan Zhoukou National Agricultural High\u2010Tech Industry Demonstration Zone Zhoukou Normal University  Zhoukou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry Shenyang Agricultural University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry Shenyang Agricultural University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University  Shenyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42977-023-00184-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbd.2021.100821"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02910-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2013.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2637"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-12-13-0365-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.17.4689"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2020.101556"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins5040683"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-022-03793-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","article-title":"Trichoderma Biofertilizer (mixTroTha) Mediates Malus Sieversii Resistance to Alternaria Alternata","volume":"156","author":"Ji S. 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