{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:14:13Z","timestamp":1792552453539,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":176,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Infertility affects ~1 in 6 people of reproductive age and remains difficult to treat because causes are heterogeneous and diagnostics are incomplete. Recent evidence reframes the female reproductive tract as a low\u2010biomass but biologically active microbial ecosystem. Dysbiosis, typically loss of protective\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species (notably\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. crispatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) with overgrowth of anaerobic pathobionts, is associated with implantation failure and recurrent pregnancy loss. Framing conditions such as chronic endometritis and reproducible low\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    endometrial profiles as dysbiosis\u2010related disorders clarifies opportunities for prevention, companion diagnostics and microbiome\u2010directed therapies. This narrative review contrasts receptive (\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010dominant) versus dysbiotic states and summarises mechanisms linking microbiota to fertility: microbial metabolites (lactic acid, short\u2010chain fatty acids) support epithelial barrier function and immune tolerance, whereas dysbiosis provokes inflammation that impairs implantation. Although observational data consistently associate\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    dominance with better outcomes, evidence quality is low\u2010to\u2010moderate due to retrospective designs, methodological heterogeneity, and a lack of adequately powered, diagnostic\u2010stratified randomised trials. The review highlights precision microbial therapeutics under development, single\u2010strain next\u2010generation probiotics, synthetic consortia, engineered live biotherapeutics, postbiotics, targeted phage\/endolysins and vaginal microbiota transplantation, and proposes a diagnostic\u2010driven roadmap that matches microbiome endotypes and clinical contexts (e.g., preconception vs. immediate embryo transfer) to specific interventions. Regulatory and safety issues for reproductive biologics are also considered. The reproductive microbiome is a promising translational frontier but currently offers a consistent signal rather than definitive proof of benefit. To translate promise into practice requires standardised low\u2010biomass sampling\/reporting, mechanistic validation in human\u2010relevant models and diagnostic\u2010stratified randomised trials with staged endpoints, alongside strategies to address engraftment, formulation and regulatory pathways.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.70330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:37:02Z","timestamp":1773405422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Precision Microbial Therapeutics for Infertility: Next\u2010Generation Probiotics, Engineered Biologics and Translational Pathways"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Limiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin China"},{"name":"Hunan University of Medicine  Huaihua China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan University of Medicine  Huaihua China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sifan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengnan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huike","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0961-0000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shumin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.1705"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030430"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13241"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11122896"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-025-04483-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00043-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01828-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2023.104173"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-025-00732-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2023.104170"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00946-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12030547"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2024.101234"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01070-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bosma E. 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