{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:04:01Z","timestamp":1790168641042,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017700","name":"Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LHGJ20250513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LHGJ20250513"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Phage therapy is increasingly recognised as a potential approach against antibiotic\u2010resistant infections. Analogous to the rise of antibiotic resistance, bacteria can also evolve phage resistance, a process that frequently entails fitness costs. In this study, a new lytic\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    phage (Henu5) was isolated and characterised. Henu5 was classified within the\n                    <jats:italic>Caudoviricetes<\/jats:italic>\n                    class and displayed good biological characteristics. The Henu5 genome possesses 92,558\u2009bp of linear dsDNA and a GC content of 49.36%. Additionally, three phage\u2010resistant mutants, R3, R6 and R14, were isolated and investigated for adaptive trade\u2010offs. Compared to wild\u2010type, the phage\u2010resistant mutants mostly exhibited fitness costs in growth, altered morphology, impaired adsorption, reduced biofilm and pyocyanin production and impaired motility, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, as well as increased susceptibility to various antibiotics. In\u00a0vivo experiments revealed improved survival, alongside diminished colonisation and pathogenicity. Comparative genomics identified mutations in the genes\n                    <jats:italic>pilQ<\/jats:italic>\n                    (R3 and R14) and\n                    <jats:italic>pilR<\/jats:italic>\n                    (R6), both crucial for type IV pili (T4P) biosynthesis and potentially conferring phage resistance, with additional mutations related to the obtained trade\u2010offs. Transcriptomic and real\u2010time quantitative PCR proved that T4P\u2010related genes, together with the\n                    <jats:italic>hmgA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>galU<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>wzy<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>fliG<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>pslA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>mexH<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>exoY<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes, were downregulated in all resistant mutants, while the\n                    <jats:italic>qscR<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>mvaT<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes were upregulated. Collectively, while phage resistance evolution remains an issue, this study suggests that the fitness costs of the phage\u2010resistant mutants might be invaluable for effective phage therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.70389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T12:04:51Z","timestamp":1779969891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Isolation of a Novel Lytic\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Phage Henu5 and Fitness Costs of Phage\u2010Driven Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Salwa E.","family":"Gomaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University  Kaifeng Henan China"},{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic, Medical Sciences Henan University  Kaifeng Henan China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University  Zagazig Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University  Kaifeng Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University  Kaifeng Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University  Kaifeng Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaonan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University  Kaifeng Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic, Medical Sciences Henan University  Kaifeng Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanbin","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Henan University  Kaifeng Henan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tieshan","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and 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