{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:38:45Z","timestamp":1793122725790,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20251961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20251961"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017962","name":"Jiangsu Commission of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K2023011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K2023011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017962","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Limited treatment options exist for refractory non\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection (non\u2010CDI) of the gut in critically ill patients; whether washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) is feasible and safe in this heterogeneous population is unknown. We retrospectively analysed prospectively registered consecutive cases (NCT03895593) between September 2015 and August 2022, in which severe non\u2010CDI gut pathogens were identified, and rescue WMT was administered after standard treatment failure. Primary outcomes were the clinical outcome and adverse events graded by CTCAE v5.0. Secondary descriptive outcomes were the change in total abdominal symptom score (TASS) on day 7, microbiological clearance, and 12\u2010week survival. Ten patients underwent 29 WMT infusions. Fifty percentage of patients (5\/10) obtained clinical cure after WMT. Twenty percentage of patients (2\/10) achieved clinical improvement and 30% (3\/10) showed no response 7\u2009days after WMT. One transient WMT\u2010related fever occurred (1\/29, 3.45%). No serious WMT\u2010attributed events were observed. TASS decreased significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.007). Microbiological clearance was documented in 3 of 4 patients with available post\u2010WMT stool bacteriological test results. This case series provides preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility and potential efficacy of WMT for refractory non\u2010CDI gut pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.70431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T05:05:09Z","timestamp":1786683909000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Feasibility and Safety of Washed Microbiota Transplantation as Salvage Therapy for Refractory Non\u2010\n                    <scp>CDI<\/scp>\n                    Gut Pathogens in Critically Ill Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9321-9671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Hospital Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiota Medicine and 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Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Punan Branch of Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Punan Hospital in Pudong New District, Shanghai)  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0959-308X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiota Medicine and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing 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