{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:03:15Z","timestamp":1790593395737,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002809","name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003741","name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003741","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Controlling phytopathogenic bacteria is essential for safeguarding crops and minimizing economic losses in agriculture. Although chemical pesticides are effective, they have adverse effects on ecosystems, beneficial organisms such as pollinators, and natural pathogen predators, creating a need for sustainable alternatives. Bacteriophages \u0278EF1 and \u0278EF2 (infecting\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Erwinia amylovora<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , the fire blight pathogen), and \u0278XF1 (targeting\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Xanthomonas campestris<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , the black rot pathogen) have shown promise as biocontrol agents in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo. However, to be effective in the field these phages must maintain infectivity during storage and environmental exposure. We evaluated their stability under varying pH, temperature, UV and sunlight conditions and assessed various photoprotective additives. The phages remained infectious for up to 3\u2009months at 4\u00b0C and 20\u00b0C and pH\u20097\u20139, but were inactivated at pH 3 and 37\u00b0C. UV rapidly inactivated the phages, but their stability was significantly enhanced by adding photoprotectants like Amino 22% or CaCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , particularly CaCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    at 24%, which preserved infectivity for over 8\u2009h. These photoprotectants also improved phage recovery from plant surfaces. We conclude that effective biocontrol formulations should contain \u2265\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    pfu\/mL, maintain neutral pH, include 24% CaCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and allow room temperature storage. This study is among the first to demonstrate the long\u2010term stability of phage\u2010based formulations at room temperature, together with improved field persistence, supporting their potential use as biopesticides.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.70436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T09:33:06Z","timestamp":1788341586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design of a Bacteriophage\u2010Based Product for Biocontrol of Fire Blight and Black Rot"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0584-7302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Vique","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Gen\u00e8tica, Microbiologia i Estad\u00edstica Universitat de Barcelona  Barcelona 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Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4672-7147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignasi","family":"Salaet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de I+D+i de Fertinagro Biotech S.L Pol\u00edgono Industrial La Paz  Teruel Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6507-5677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Sala\u2010Comorera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Gen\u00e8tica, Microbiologia i Estad\u00edstica Universitat de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7846-4791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Gen\u00e8tica, Microbiologia i Estad\u00edstica Universitat de Barcelona  Barcelona 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