{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:03:16Z","timestamp":1790593396220,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["enviromicro-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microbial Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mixed\u2010species biofilms formed by carbapenem\u2010resistant\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and carbapenem\u2010resistant\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    can complicate the clinical management of device\u2010associated infections; however, phage\u2010based interventions targeting these communities remain insufficiently characterized. We assessed the antibiofilm activity of a lytic HZJ31\u2009+\u2009HZY2308 phage cocktail against KPZ2\u2013AB48 mixed\u2010species biofilms. Compared with the corresponding single\u2010species cultures, cocultures showed greater crystal violet\u2010stained biomass, higher metabolic activity as measured by the 2,3\u2010bis(2\u2010methoxy\u20104\u2010nitro\u20105\u2010sulfophenyl)\u20102H\u2010tetrazolium\u20105\u2010carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay, and microscopic surface coverage. Phage\u2010cocktail exposure during biofilm development or after biofilm formation reduced biomass, XTT reduction, culturable bacterial counts, and scanning electron microscopy\u2010derived surface coverage, with similar changes observed on central venous catheter surfaces. In\n                    <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection models, cocktail treatment increased survival and was associated with less extensive histopathological lesions and lower Kirschner wire\u2010associated bacterial burdens. RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction identified treatment\u2010associated transcriptional changes involving metabolic pathways, autoinducer\u20102 transport, cell\u2010envelope functions, efflux systems, and stress responses. These findings support further preclinical investigation of phage cocktails targeting multidrug\u2010resistant mixed\u2010species biofilms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.70439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T05:14:51Z","timestamp":1788498891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Lytic Bacteriophage Cocktail Attenuates Carbapenem\u2010Resistant\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    \u2013\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Mixed\u2010Species Biofilms and Reshapes Transcriptional Responses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8299-3922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuefang","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6319-222X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6309-3529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yijiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistical Sciences University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7535-890X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8436-0720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liuxiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6450-3454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangyu","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhengzhou Auto Bioengineering Co., Ltd.  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