{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T12:57:21Z","timestamp":1773320241971,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,26]],"date-time":"2013-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content>) in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>) in Jordan, as well as the factors associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among 127 consecutive newly diagnosed (within the past 6\u00a0months) patients with T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> attending one of two diabetic care centers. Complete ocular examinations were performed by an ophthalmologist and relevant data were collected. A fundus examination was performed using slit lamp indirect ophthalmoscopy after pupillary dilation with 1% tropicamide drops, with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content> defined and classified according to the scale developed by the Global Diabetic Retinopathy Project Group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of all the patients examined, 7.9% had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content>. Of those with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content>, 40% already had clinically significant macular edema necessitating laser photocoagulation or intravitreal injections. Multivariate analysis revealed that age and HbA1c were significantly associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content>. The odds of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content> increased by 11% for each 1\u00a0year increase in age (odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>] 1.11; 95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>] 1.02\u20131.20). For each 1% increase in HbA1c, the odds of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content> increased by 43% (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.43; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.09\u20131.88).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fewer than one\u2010tenth of newly diagnosed Jordanian patients with T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content>, but more than one\u2010third of these patients had significant maculopathy. Therefore, early screening is strongly recommended for all newly diagnosed T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Increased age and HbA1c values are associated with increased odds of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content>. A study with a larger sample size is needed to elucidate the risk factors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DR<\/jats:styled-content> in newly diagnosed T2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,15]],"date-time":"2012-11-15T23:34:40Z","timestamp":1353022480000},"page":"172-179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Diabetic retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in Jordan: Prevalence and associated factors (\u7ea6\u65e6\u65b0\u8bca\u65ad2\u578b\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u75c5\u53d8\uff1a\u60a3\u75c5\u7387\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u56e0\u7d20)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Hisham","family":"Jammal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yousef","family":"Khader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine Public Health and Family Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shadi","family":"Alkhatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mousa","family":"Abujbara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Diabetes Endocrinology and Genetics Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mousa","family":"Alomari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine Public Health and Family Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamel","family":"Ajlouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Diabetes Endocrinology and Genetics Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-11-200406010-00035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1984.01040030398010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(92)32011-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"844","article-title":"Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002","volume":"82","author":"Resnikoff S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2011-300539"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"767","article-title":"Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy: ETDRS report number 9","volume":"98","author":"Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Research Group","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(76)90292-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500100088034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.15.7.815"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.9.2604"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.116.3.297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2007.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210501500110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Diabtic retinopathy among Jordanians: It's patterns, severity, and some associated risk factors","volume":"28","author":"Salem M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetol Croat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210201200102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS).WHO Geneva.2008. 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