{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T17:57:59Z","timestamp":1772560679104,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,27]],"date-time":"2013-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is limited information from population\u2010based investigations of the associations between sleep duration and sleep disorders and parameters of glucose homeostasis. The objective of the present study was to examine cross\u2010sectional associations between sleep duration and sleep disordered breathing with concentrations of insulin, fasting and 2\u2010h glucose, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HbA1c<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 11\u2009815 adults aged \u226520 years without diagnosed diabetes (5002 with an oral glucose tolerance test) from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ational <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ealth and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>utrition <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>xamination <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>urvey 2005\u20132010 were used. Information about sleep duration (2005\u20132010) and sleep apnea and sleep\u2010disordered breathing (2005\u20132008) was obtained via questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An estimated 36.0% of participants reported sleeping \u22646\u2009h\/night, 62.0% reported sleeping 7\u20139\u2009h\/night, and 2.0% reported sleeping \u226510\u2009h\/night. In 2005\u20132008, 33.0% reported snoring \u22655 nights per week, 5.9% reported they snorted, gasped, or stopped breathing \u22655 nights\/week, and 4.2% reported sleep apnea. Sleep duration was significantly associated with fasting concentrations of insulin and concentrations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HbA1c<\/jats:styled-content> only in models that did not adjust for body mass index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>). Concentrations of fasting and 2\u2010h glucose were significantly associated with sleep duration in models that adjusted only for age. Snoring frequency was positively associated with concentrations of insulin and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HbA1c<\/jats:styled-content>. Frequency of snorting or stopping breathing and sleep apnea status were associated with concentrations of insulin and of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HbA1c<\/jats:styled-content> only when <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> was not accounted for.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a representative sample of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> adults, concentrations of insulin and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HbA1c<\/jats:styled-content> were significantly associated with short sleep duration, possibly mediated by <jats:styled-content 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