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However, despite this use, there is still increased mortality and morbidity in subjects with diabetes, compared to subjects without diabetes. One of the factors, which may be involved in this increased mortality and morbidity in subjects with diabetes, is nonadherence to insulin. Nonadherence rates to insulin are in the range of 20\u201338%, and many factors contribute to the nonadherence. The major aim of the review was to determine whether interventions to improve adherence to insulin do actually improve adherence to insulin. Most studies have shown that adherence to insulin was improved by changing from the vial\u2010and\u2010syringe approach to prefilled insulin pens, but not all studies have shown that this translated into better glycemic control and clinical outcomes. The results of studies using automatic telephone messages to improve adherence to insulin to date are inconclusive. There is limited and variable evidence that an intervention by a nurse\/educator, which discusses adherence to medicines, does improve adherence to insulin. In contrast, there is little or no evidence that an extra intervention by a doctor or an intervention by a pharmacist, which discusses adherence to insulin, does actually improve the measured adherence to insulin. In conclusion, rather than assuming that an intervention by a health professional discussing adherence to insulin actually improves adherence to insulin, long\u2010term studies investigating this are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]],"date-time":"2014-09-05T08:55:53Z","timestamp":1409907353000},"page":"315-321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Adherence to insulin treatment in diabetes: can it be improved?\u7cd6\u5c3f\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u80f0\u5c9b\u7d20\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u4f9d\u4ece\u6027\uff1a\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\u5417\uff1f"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sheila Anne","family":"Doggrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology  Brisbane QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Percentage of adults with diagnosed diabetes receiving treatment with insulin or oral medication United States 2007\u20132009. 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