{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:35:06Z","timestamp":1789605306442,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]],"date-time":"2016-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the present study was to examine the association between variability in HbA1c or systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diabetes\u2010specific moderate retinopathy in Asians with type 2 diabetes (T2D).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted of 172 cases of moderate diabetic retinopathy (DR) cases and 226 controls without DR, matched for age, sex, and ethnicity. Serial HbA1c and SBP (range 3\u20136 readings) over the 2\u2009years prior to photographic screening of DR were collected. Intrapersonal mean and SD values for HbA1c (iM\u2010HbA1c and iSD\u2010HbA1c) and SBP (iM\u2010SBP and iSD\u2010SBP) were derived. Moderate DR was assessed from digital retinal photographs and defined as levels &gt;43 using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cases of moderate DR had higher iM\u2010HbA1c (8.2\u00a0% vs 7.3\u2009%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), iSD\u2010HbA1c (1.22 vs 0.64; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), iM\u2010SBP (136.8 vs 129.6\u2009mmHg; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) and iSD\u2010SBP (13.3 vs 11.1; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) than controls. In the multivariate regression model adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, duration of diabetes, SBP, and HbA1c, iM\u2010HbA1c and iM\u2010SBP were significantly associated with moderate DR (odds ratio [OR] 1.80, 95\u00a0% confidence interval [CI] 1.37\u20132.36; and OR 1.03, 95\u00a0% CI 1.01\u20131.05, respectively). Neither iSD\u2010HbA1c nor iSD\u2010SBP were associated with moderate DR. When stratified by HbA1c &lt;7\u00a0%, only iSD\u2010SBP remained significantly associated with moderate DR (OR 1.11, 95\u00a0% CI 1.01\u20131.21).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a cohort of Asian patients with T2D, both higher mean HbA1c levels and SBP, but not their variability, were associated with moderate DR. Among those with good glycemic control, wider variability of SBP is associated with moderate DR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]],"date-time":"2016-04-04T16:36:39Z","timestamp":1459787799000},"page":"200-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["HbA1c, systolic blood pressure variability and diabetic retinopathy in Asian type 2 diabetics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Valencia","family":"Foo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Quah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SingHealth Polyclinics  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