{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T04:46:58Z","timestamp":1762145218416,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,17]],"date-time":"2016-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infectious diseases are more frequent in diabetic patients, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Endotoxemia affects glucose metabolism and lipolytic capacity. The aims of the present study were to determine whether endotoxemia exacerbates metabolic features (adipose inflammation, adipogenesis, and insulin resistance [IR]) in an animal model of diabetes (i.e.<jats:italic>db\/db<\/jats:italic>mice) after acute infection and the effects of pioglitazone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Female<jats:italic>db\/db<\/jats:italic>mice treated with pioglitazone (3 and 30\u2009mg\/kg, p.o.) for 14\u2009days were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 200\u2009\u03bcg\/kg), followed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of genes in white adipose tissue (WAT) involved in: (i) adipogenesis (lipoprotein lipase [<jats:italic>Lpl<\/jats:italic>], fatty acid binding protein\u20104 [<jats:italic>Ap2<\/jats:italic>] and adiponectin [<jats:italic>Adipoq<\/jats:italic>]); (ii) insulin signaling (peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor gamma [<jats:italic>Pparg<\/jats:italic>], suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [<jats:italic>Socs3<\/jats:italic>], solute carrier family 2 [facilitated glucose transporter], member 4 [<jats:italic>Slc2a4<\/jats:italic>]); and (iii) inflammation (tumor necrosis factor [<jats:italic>Tnf<\/jats:italic>], interleukin\u20106 [<jats:italic>Il6<\/jats:italic>], monocyte chemoattractant protein\u20101 [<jats:italic>Ccl2<\/jats:italic>], cyclo\u2010oxygenase\u20102 [prostaglandin\u2010endoperoxide synthase 2;<jats:italic>Ptgs2<\/jats:italic>]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experimental endotoxemia downregulated mRNA expression of<jats:italic>Pparg<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Slc2a4<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Adipoq<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Lpl<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Ap2<\/jats:italic>, which coincided with upregulation of<jats:italic>Il6<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Tnf<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Ccl2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Ptgs2<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Socs3<\/jats:italic>expression. Pioglitazone dose\u2010dependently decreased<jats:italic>Tnf<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Il6<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Ccl2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Ptgs2<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Socs3<\/jats:italic>expression in WAT, in association with upregulation of<jats:italic>Lpl<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Ap2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Slc2a4<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Adipoq<\/jats:italic>expression, indicating improvement in endotoxin\u2010induced IR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings suggest that LPS challenge exacerbates IR in<jats:italic>db\/db<\/jats:italic>mice by altering the expression of genes in WAT involved in adipogenesis and inflammation, which is effectively controlled by pioglitazone treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,22]],"date-time":"2016-07-22T17:22:46Z","timestamp":1469208166000},"page":"613-621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of pioglitazone on metabolic features in endotoxemia model in obese diabetic<i>db<\/i>\/<i>db<\/i>mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Manoranjan","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Zydus Research Centre Ahmedabad India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jogeswar","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Zydus Research Centre Ahmedabad 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