{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T22:19:01Z","timestamp":1779920341079,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,11]],"date-time":"2018-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81501602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81501602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulting from an attack by autoreactive T lymphocytes against pancreatic islet \u03b2\u2010 cells. In recent studies, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been implicated in the process of T1D. Furthermore, cluster of differentiation 39 (CD39), which is involved in the suppression of inflammation, has been shown to be expressed on Tregs. However, the pathological importance of CD39 to the memory Treg population remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated Treg subsets, focusing on resting, effector, and memory Tregs, and determined CD39 expression on Tregs. In addition, changes in Treg subsets and Treg\u2010associated cytokine secretion after CD3\/CD28 stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated in diabetic patients and healthy controls. The suppressive function of Tregs was measured using the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a higher percentage of memory Tregs in T1D patients than healthy controls. However, Tregs in T1D patients showed impaired suppression, with low forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expression and low serum interleukin (IL)\u201010 levels. Furthermore, CD39 expression on Tregs, and on memory Tregs in particular, was lower in T1D patients than healthy controls. After stimulation, the percentage of resting Tregs was decreased and that of effector\/memory Tregs was increased in both healthy controls and T1D patients, but CD39 expression on effector\/memory Tregs was still lower and there was no increase in IL\u201010 secretion in T1D patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The defective suppressive function of Tregs in T1D patients is due to lower expression of CD39 on memory Tregs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]],"date-time":"2018-10-15T02:29:34Z","timestamp":1539570574000},"page":"440-448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Altered expression of CD39 on memory regulatory T cells in type 1 diabetes patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huifang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Biology Laboratory, Core Facility of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Biology Laboratory, Core Facility of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Biology Laboratory, Core Facility of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad2791"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60591-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjr040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00679"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/795210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2016.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12978"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12581"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12418"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903781"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182a860fa"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2013.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2013.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2016.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-015-9845-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160922584"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12559"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03810.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10664"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72932"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-06-2403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2014.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12354"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2009.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2010.03291.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1753-0407.12870","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1753-0407.12870","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1753-0407.12870","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1753-0407.12870","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T20:00:39Z","timestamp":1694376039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1753-0407.12870"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,11]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1753-0407.12870"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1753-0407.12870","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-0393","1753-0407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-0393","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-0407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-01-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}