{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T14:49:50Z","timestamp":1775918990808,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012167","name":"National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015BAI12B13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015BAI12B13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012167","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated the natural progression of \u03b2\u2010cell function in Chinese autoimmune type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients and clarified factors possibly influencing the course of the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The natural progression of \u03b2\u2010cell function of 325 newly diagnosed Chinese autoimmune T1D patients was assessed by fasting and postprandial C\u2010peptide (FCP and PCP, respectively) levels. \u03b2\u2010Cell function failure was defined as FCP &lt;50 pM and PCP &lt;100 pM, whereas preserved \u03b2\u2010cell function was defined as FCP &gt;200 pM or PCP &gt;400 pM. \u03b2\u2010Cell function that did not meet these criteria was described as residual.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At initial recruitment, 33.3% of patients had \u03b2\u2010cell function failure, whereas 41.0% and 25.8% of patients had preserved or residual \u03b2\u2010cell function, respectively. The percentage of patients who developed \u03b2\u2010cell function failure during follow\u2010up at 12, 24, 36, and 48\u2009months after recruitment to the study was 55.8%, 75.6%, 86.7%, and 92.7%, respectively. Moreover, the slope of the \u03b2\u2010cell function curve decreased over time, indicating that the pattern of its decline was non\u2010linear and tapering. Seven percent of patients did not develop \u03b2\u2010cell function failure within 4 years after diagnosis. Patients with lower initial FCP levels were more likely to develop \u03b2\u2010cell function failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chinese autoimmune T1D patients have considerable residual \u03b2\u2010cell function at initial diagnosis, and the manner of progression of \u03b2\u2010cell function failure is non\u2010linear with a tapering decay rate. Furthermore, initial FCP levels may predict \u03b2\u2010cell function failure in Chinese autoimmune T1D patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]],"date-time":"2019-02-15T04:43:27Z","timestamp":1550205807000},"page":"802-808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Tapering decay of \u03b2\u2010cell function in Chinese patients with autoimmune type 1 diabetes: A four\u2010year prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital and the Diabetes Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital and the Diabetes Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital and the Diabetes Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuoming","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital and the Diabetes Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiguang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital and the Diabetes Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198605223142106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60591-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-13-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-3771"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.3.832"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.2.426"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12609"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.12.4619"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2012.00857.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12098"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12271"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.6.1763"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012864"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1538"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2719-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0676"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-3104-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.14.10.619"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1817"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j5295"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0575"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.15.8.1009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.38.6.779"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043980"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1952"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-014-0530-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1236"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-3067-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2013.28.9.1340"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2015.20.2.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4068\/cmj.2017.53.3.216"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0901"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12657"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-0522"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12216"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2779"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1770"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4555-9"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1753-0407.12907","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1753-0407.12907","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1753-0407.12907","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1753-0407.12907","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T04:13:12Z","timestamp":1694319192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1753-0407.12907"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1753-0407.12907"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1753-0407.12907","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-0393","1753-0407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-0393","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-0407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}