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Some ethnic groups (eg, South Asians, other Asians, and Africans), develop diabetes a decade earlier and at a lower body mass index than Whites, have prominent abdominal obesity, and accelerated the conversion from prediabetes to diabetes. The burden of complications, both macro\u2010 and microvascular, is substantial, but also varies according to populations. The syndemics of diabetes with HIV or tuberculosis are prevalent in many developing countries and predispose to each other. Screening for diabetes in large populations living in diverse habitats may not be cost\u2010effective, but targeted high\u2010risk screening may have a place. The cost of diagnostic tests and scarcity of health manpower pose substantial hurdles in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients. Efforts for prevention remain rudimentary in most developing countries. The quality of care is largely poor; hence, a substantial number of patients do not achieve treatment goals. This is further amplified by a delay in seeking treatment, \u201cfatalistic attitudes\u201d, high cost and non\u2010availability of drugs and insulins. To counter these numerous challenges, a renewed political commitment and mandate for health promotion and disease prevention are urgently needed. Several low\u2010cost innovative approaches have been trialed with encouraging outcomes, including training and deployment of non\u2010medical allied health professionals and the use of mobile phones and telemedicine to deliver simple health messages for the prevention and management of T2D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T00:58:12Z","timestamp":1552438692000},"page":"522-539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":248,"title":["Diabetes in developing countries"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5785-5833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anoop","family":"Misra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National\u2010Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, Safdarjung Development Area  New Delhi India"},{"name":"Diabetes Foundation (India)  New Delhi India"},{"name":"Fortis C\u2010DOC Center of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Endocrinology  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hema","family":"Gopalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National\u2010Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, Safdarjung Development Area  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7352-9365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranil","family":"Jayawardena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Colombo  Colombo Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Hills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine University of Tasmania  Launceston Tasmania Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Curtin University  Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo A.","family":"Reza\u2010Albarr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Department Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaushik L.","family":"Ramaiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shree Hindu Mandal Hospital  Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","unstructured":"The World Bank. 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