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Large prospective studies examining liver fat accumulation following a GDM pregnancy are lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Diabetes &amp; Women's Health Study (2012\u20102014) examined the association between GDM and subsequent fatty liver scores among 607 women with and 619 women without GDM in the Danish National Birth Cohort. Nine to 16\u2009years postpartum, a clinical examination was performed, with measurement of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and \u03b3\u2010glutamyl transferase, from which fatty liver scoring indices were calculated to assess liver fat score, fatty liver index, hepatic steatosis index, and liver fat percentage. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for elevated liver scoring indices by GDM status were assessed adjusting for major risk factors, including prepregnancy body mass index.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with prior GDM had higher adjusted ALT and AST levels than women without GDM (by 6.7% [95% CI 1.7\u201012.0] and 4.8% [95% CI 0.6\u20109.1], respectively). Women with GDM also had adjusted increased risks for elevated liver fat score (RR 2.34; 95% CI 1.68\u20103.27), fatty liver index (RR 1.59; 95% CI 1.27\u20101.99), and hepatic steatosis index (RR 1.44; 95% CI 1.21\u20101.71).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with GDM during pregnancy were at an increased risk for fatty liver 9 to 16\u2009years postpartum. Gestational diabetes mellitus may serve as another risk indicator for the early identification and prevention of liver fat accumulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T07:59:11Z","timestamp":1555660751000},"page":"895-905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prospective study of gestational diabetes and fatty liver scores 9 to 16\u2009years after pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sarah R.","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University  Blacksburg Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4312-708X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie N.","family":"Hinkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shristi","family":"Rawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health Professions Rutgers University  Newark New Jersey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise G.","family":"Grunnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"The Danish Diabetes Academy  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge E.","family":"Chavarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. 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Chan School of Public Health Harvard University  Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Vaag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glotech  Rockville Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Damm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes Departments of Endocrinology and Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Services University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3713-1683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne A.","family":"Bjerregaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Fetal Programming, Department of Epidemiology Research Statens Serum Institut  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Cathrine B.","family":"Thuesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Gore\u2010Langton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Emmes Corporation  Rockville Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen C.","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Clemson University  Clemson South Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia H.","family":"Ley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. 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