{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T07:01:05Z","timestamp":1763535665597,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a higher fracture risk. Sex hormones are important for maintaining skeletal health. It is not clear which sex hormone(s) contribute(s) to bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk in males with T2DM. This study investigated the relationships of these parameters in males with T2DM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study involved 482 men with T2DM. BMDs at the lumbar spine (L2\u20104), femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) were measured by dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (DXA). The 10\u2010year probability of fractures was assessed using the modified Fracture Risk Algorithm (FRAX) tool. Serum levels of sex hormones were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Follicle\u2010stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) were associated with BMDs at L2\u20104 (FSH, <jats:italic>\u03b2\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2212.162, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> .05; E2, <jats:italic>\u03b2\u2009=<\/jats:italic> .176, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> .001), and E2 was associated with BMD at FN (<jats:italic>\u03b2\u2009=<\/jats:italic> .137, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> .05) and TH (<jats:italic>\u03b2\u2009=<\/jats:italic> .140, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> .05). FSH was associated with major osteoporotic fractures (<jats:italic>\u03b2\u2009=<\/jats:italic> .288, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> .001) and hip fractures (<jats:italic>\u03b2\u2009=<\/jats:italic> .235, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> .001). Higher FSH was a risk factor for osteoporosis\/osteopenia (odds ratios [OR] = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.66\u20105.14, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), whereas higher E2 was a protective factor (OR <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic> 0.37, 95% CI = 0.22\u20100.60, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Patients in the higher tertile of FSH and lower tertile of E2 had an increased risk of osteoporosis\/osteopenia (OR <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic> 5.05, 95% CI = 1.37\u201018.65, <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> .05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>For males with T2DM, FSH and E2 are significantly associated with BMD, osteoporosis\/osteopenia, and fracture risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T15:19:37Z","timestamp":1574954377000},"page":"426-437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Follicle\u2010stimulating hormone and estradiol are associated with bone mineral density and risk of fractures in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9754-3375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixuan","family":"Jing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui\u2010jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao\u2010tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tong\u2010ren Hospital Shanghai Jiao\u2010tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingjia","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui\u2010jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao\u2010tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui\u2010jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao\u2010tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanman","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui\u2010jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao\u2010tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases  Shanghai 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