{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:06:16Z","timestamp":1785870376540,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010215","name":"Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010215","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the association between thyroid autoimmunity and psychiatric disorders (depression, anxiety, eating disorder, schizophrenia or attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder) among adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes (11\u201025\u2009years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared 9368 type 1 diabetes patients with thyroid autoimmunity (3789 of them treated with levothyroxine) with 62\u2009438 type 1 diabetes patients without any thyroid disease from a multicentre diabetes patient follow\u2010up registry (DPV) in terms of psychiatric disorders. Thyroid autoimmunity was defined as documented diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis or positive antibodies against thyroid peroxidase or thyroglobulin. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios for the respective psychiatric disorders in type 1 diabetes patients with thyroid autoimmunity (overall and stratified by levothyroxine therapy) compared to type 1 diabetes patients without thyroid diseases (reference).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 9368 patients with thyroid autoimmunity, 62% were female with a median (Q1\u2010Q3) age of 16.3 (14.2\u201017.6) years. Thyroid autoimmunity (with or without levothyroxine therapy) revealed a slight, but significant higher chance for depression (odds ratio [OR], 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19, 1.52), eating disorder (OR, 1.25, CI, 1.03, 1.51), attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (OR, 1.22, CI, 1.07, 1.39) and schizophrenia (OR, 1.63, CI, 1.04, 2.56). In individuals with prescribed levothyroxine therapy because of thyroid dysfunction significantly higher odds for depression (OR, 1.63, CI, 1.34, 1.99), anxiety (OR, 1.60, CI, 1.18, 2.18), and attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (OR, 1.71, CI, 1.38, 2.12) were observed compared to reference. Thyroid autoimmunity without required levothyroxine therapy revealed no differences to the reference group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients on levothyroxine had significantly higher odds for psychiatric disorders, but thyroid autoimmunity in terms of high antibody levels only did not show higher odds for any psychiatric disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T09:52:19Z","timestamp":1608112339000},"page":"562-571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Are psychiatric disorders associated with thyroid hormone therapy in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1239-3078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Eckert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry ZIBMT, University of Ulm  Ulm Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD)  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Galler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Berlin Institute of Health, Sozialp\u00e4diatrisches Zentrum  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Papsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Marienhospital GmbH  Gelsenkirchen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Endocrinology\/Diabetology University Childrens Hospital Beider Basel UKBB  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Holder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and\u2010Diabetology Hospital Stuttgart  Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"D\u00f6ing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology University Children's Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University  D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Bierkamp\u2010Christophersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Paediatric Diabetes Marien\u2010Hospital Wesel  Wesel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Catholic Childrens Hospital Wilhelmstift  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeliki","family":"Pappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University Hospital RWTH Aachen  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Lanzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry ZIBMT, University of Ulm  Ulm Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD)  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"430","article-title":"Latent hypothyroidism in adults","volume":"114","author":"Schubel J","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0515"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-017-0238-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Autoimmune Schilddr\u00fcsenerkrankungen \u2013 \u00c4tiologie, Epidemiologie und klinische Relevanz in der Frauenheilkunde","volume":"1","author":"G\u00e4rtner R","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gyne"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/509764"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"MVZ Labor Ravensburg.Manufactorer Labor Ravensburg thyroid antibodies;2020http:\/\/leistungsverzeichnis.labor-gaertner.de\/Browse\/T. 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