{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:14:48Z","timestamp":1791314088700,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,17]],"date-time":"2021-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among people with and without diabetes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) outbreak.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional questionnaire\u2010based study collecting demographic and mental health data from 2166 participants living in the Arab Gulf region (568 with diabetes, 1598 without diabetes). Depression and anxiety were assessed using the 9\u2010item Patient Health Questionnaire and the 7\u2010item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms were 61% and 45%, in people with diabetes (PWD) and 62% and 44%, respectively, in people without diabetes. PWD who have had their diabetes visit canceled by the clinic were more likely to report depression and anxiety symptoms than those without diabetes (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.37 [1.02, 1.84] and 1.37 [1.04, 1.80], for depression and anxiety; respectively). PWD who had no method of telecommunication with their health care providers (HCP) during the pandemic, PWD with A1C of <jats:styled-content>\u2265<\/jats:styled-content> 10%, women, employees (particularly HCPs), students, unmarried individuals, and those with lower income were more likely to report depression and\/or anxiety symptoms (all <jats:italic>P\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic> 0.01). Fear of acquiring the coronavirus infection; running out of diabetes medications; or requiring hospitalization for hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, or diabetic ketoacidosis; and lack of telecommunication with HCPs were all associated with significantly higher odds of having depression and anxiety symptoms among PWD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The remarkably high prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms during the COVID\u201019 pandemic, particularly among subgroups of PWD, calls for urgent public health policies to address mental health during the pandemic and reestablish health care access for PWD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,23]],"date-time":"2020-12-23T03:27:45Z","timestamp":1608694065000},"page":"339-352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Determinants of mental health outcomes among people with and without diabetes during the <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 outbreak in the Arab Gulf Region"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4420-9378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed E.","family":"Al\u2010Sofiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism College of Medicine, King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes &amp; Metabolism The Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Albunyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Nutrition College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Alguwaihes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism College of Medicine, King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita R.","family":"Kalyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes &amp; Metabolism The Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherita Hill","family":"Golden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes &amp; Metabolism The Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"The Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research The Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assim","family":"Alfadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism College of Medicine, King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30185-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"World health organization director\u2010general's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID\u201019 March 11 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"WamsleyL.Life during coronavirus: What different countries are doing to stop the spread the coronavirus crises 2020.https:\/\/Www.npr.org\/sections\/goatsandsoda\/2020\/03\/10\/813794446\/life-during-coronavirus-what-different-countries-are-doing-to-stop-the-spread. 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