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Gut microbiota perturbations shape BA composition, which further affects host metabolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated BA profiles in plasma, feces, and liver of mice fed ad libitum, fasted for 24 h, fasted for 24 h and then refed for 24 h using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Gut microbiota was measured by 16S rRNA\u00a0gene sequencing. Expressions of BA biosynthesis\u2010related genes in the liver and BA reabsorption\u2010related genes in the ileum were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with the controls, unconjugated primary BAs (PBAs) and unconjugated secondary BAs (SBAs) in plasma were decreased whereas conjugated SBAs in plasma, unconjugated PBAs, unconjugated SBAs and conjugated SBAs in feces, and unconjugated SBAs in liver were increased in the fasting mice. The expression\u00a0of BA biosynthesis\u2010related genes in the liver and BA reabsorption\u2010related genes in the ileum were decreased in the fasting mice compared with the controls. Compared with the controls, <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Parabacteroides<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Muribaculum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Muribaculaceae<\/jats:italic> were increased in the fasting mice whereas <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> were decreased. All these changes in BAs and gut microbiota were recovered under refeeding. <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic> was negatively correlated with plasma levels of unconjugated PBAs, unconjugated SBAs and glucose, whereas it was positively correlated with plasma conjugated SBAs, fecal unconjugated PBAs, and fecal unconjugated SBAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We characterized the BA profiles, gut microbiota, and gene expression\u00a0responsible for BA biosynthesis and intestinal reabsorption to explore their rapid changes in response to food availability. Our study highlighted the rapid effect of nutrient supply on BAs and gut microbiota.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:55:10Z","timestamp":1674435310000},"page":"165-180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Fasting and refeeding triggers specific changes in bile acid profiles and gut microbiota"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1800-5339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic 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