{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:16:52Z","timestamp":1792167412837,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003769","name":"Eisai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving metformin treatment and to investigate the effects of metformin daily dose and treatment duration on the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy (PN).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this multicenter cross\u2010sectional study, 1027 Chinese patients who had been taking \u22651000\u2009mg\/day metformin for \u22651\u2009year were enrolled using proportionate stratified random sampling based on daily dose and treatment duration. Primary measures included the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency (&lt;148\u2009pmol\/L), borderline B12 deficiency (148\u2009pmol\/L\u2010211\u2009pmol\/L), and PN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency, borderline deficiency, and PN were 2.15%, 13.66%, and 11.59%, respectively. Patients receiving \u22651500\u2009mg\/day metformin had significantly higher prevalence of borderline vitamin B12 deficiency (16.76% vs. 9.91%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0015) and serum B12 \u2264221\u2009pmol\/L (19.25% vs. 11.64%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) than patients receiving &lt;1500\u2009mg\/day metformin. No difference was found in prevalence of borderline vitamin B12 deficiency (12.58% vs. 15.49%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.1902) and serum B12 \u2264221\u2009pmol\/L (14.91% vs. 17.32%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.3055) between patients receiving metformin for \u22653 and &lt;3\u2009years. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency had numerically higher PN prevalence (18.18% vs. 11.27%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.3192) than patients without it. Multiple logistic analyses revealed that HbA1c and metformin daily dose were associated with the prevalence of borderline B12 deficiency and B12 \u2264221\u2009pmol\/L.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>High daily dosage (\u22651500\u2009mg\/day) played an important role in metformin\u2010associated vitamin B12 deficiency while not contributing to the risk of PN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T12:12:31Z","timestamp":1686658351000},"page":"765-776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The effects of daily dose and treatment duration of metformin on the prevalence of vitamin <scp>B12<\/scp> deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter cross\u2010sectional 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