{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:42:13Z","timestamp":1787013733541,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001537","name":"University of Auckland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001537","name":"University of Auckland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9450"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Gestational diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study is to compare cardiometabolic and renal outcomes for all women in New Zealand with gestational diabetes (2001\u20132010) with women without diabetes, 10\u201320\u2009years following delivery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A retrospective cohort study, utilizing a national dataset providing information for all women who gave birth between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2010 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009604\u2009398). Adolescent girls <15\u2009years, women \u226550\u2009years and women with prepregnancy diabetes were excluded. In total 11\u2009459 women were diagnosed with gestational diabetes and 11\u2009447 were matched (for age and year of delivery) with 57\u2009235 unexposed (control) women. A national hospital dataset was used to compare primary outcomes until 31 May 2021.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n After controlling for ethnicity, women with gestational diabetes were significantly more likely than control women to develop diabetes\u2014adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 20.06 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 18.46\u201321.79; a first cardiovascular event 2.19 (1.86\u20132.58); renal disease 6.34 (5.35\u20137.51) and all\u2010cause mortality 1.55 (1.31\u20131.83), all\n p<\/jats:italic>\n values <.0001. The HR and 95% CI remained similar after controlling for significant covariates: diabetes 18.89 (17.36\u201320.56), cardiovascular events 1.79 (1.52\u20132.12), renal disease 5.42 (4.55\u20136.45), and all\u2010cause mortality 1.44 (1.21\u20131.70). When time\u2010dependent diabetes was added to the model, significance remained for cardiovascular events 1.33 (1.10\u20131.61),\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.003 and renal disease 2.33 (1.88\u20132.88),\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.0001 but not all\u2010cause mortality.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes have an increased risk of adverse cardiometabolic and renal outcomes. Findings highlight the importance of follow\u2010up screening for diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, and renal disease.<\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n image<\/jats:alt-text>\n <\/jats:graphic>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]],"date-time":"2024-04-10T21:45:02Z","timestamp":1712785502000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease, and diabetes for all women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus in New Zealand\u2014A national retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0329-4633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara M.","family":"Daly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenqiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnarajah","family":"Nirantharakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor in Health Data Science and Public Health, Institute of Applied Health Research University of Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynne","family":"Chepulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health University of Waikato Hamilton Waikato New\u00a0Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet A.","family":"Rowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Women Health at Auckland City Hospital Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert K. R.","family":"Scragg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Screening, Diagnosis and Management of Gestational Diabetes in New Zealand: A Clinical Practice Guideline","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2521-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Stats New Zealand.Births and deaths: Year ended December 2021 (including abridged period life table) Wellington New Zealand.2022Available fromhttps:\/\/www.stats.govt.nz\/information\u2010releases\/births\u2010and\u2010deaths\u2010year\u2010ended\u2010december\u20102021\u2010including\u2010abridged\u2010period\u2010life\u2010table\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"National Women's Health 2021 P\u016brongo Haumanu \u0101 ta Annual Clinical Report","author":"Auckland District Health Board"},{"issue":"1450","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Screening for diabetes in pregnancy in a regional area with a high Maori population","volume":"130","author":"Daly B","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"465","article-title":"Barriers to screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in New Zealand following the introduction of universal screening recommendations","volume":"3","author":"Chepulis L","year":"2022","journal-title":"Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2015-0025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108625"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0573"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1529"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.a2021.0077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1361"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1400"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-017-1099-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2482"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.2790"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.4401"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0338-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12754"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01609-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002488"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-303945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4474"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-05868-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14132675"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4840-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3502"},{"issue":"1270","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","first-page":"74","article-title":"Screening, diagnosis and services for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in New Zealand: a technical report from the National GDM Technical Working Party","volume":"121","author":"Simmons D","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.02.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health.Virtual Diabetes Register Wellington (New Zealand): Ministry of Health.2023[updated 7 August 2023]. 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