{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:19:59Z","timestamp":1783469999347,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004332","name":"Seoul National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["04\u20102022\u20100790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04\u20102022\u20100790"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There exists a paucity of data regarding whether gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase is associated with disease\u2010specific mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the association of serum gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase levels with all\u2010cause and disease\u2010specific mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus using a Korean nationwide health\u2010screening database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 9\u2009687\u2009066 patients without viral hepatitis or liver cirrhosis who underwent health examination in 2009 were included. These patients were divided into four groups according to sex\u2010specific quartiles of serum gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During a median follow\u2010up period of 8.1\u2009years, 222\u2009242 deaths were identified. The all\u2010cause mortality rate increased as the serum gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase levels became higher (highest quartile vs lowest quartile: hazard ratio [HR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55\u20131.59; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for trend &lt;.001). Similar trends were observed for cardiovascular disease (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.53\u20131.62), ischemic heart disease (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.33\u20131.48), and stroke (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.60\u20131.85) in the highest quartile, as compared with the lowest quartile (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for trend &lt;.001). As the gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase quartiles became higher, mortality rates related to cancer (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.52\u20131.60), liver disease (HR, 9.42; 95% CI, 8.81\u201310.07), respiratory disease (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.49\u20131.62), and infectious disease (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.59\u20131.87) also increased in the highest quartile, compared with the lowest quartile (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> for trend &lt;.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase levels may be useful for the risk assessment of all\u2010cause and disease\u2010specific mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jdb13551-gra-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T04:06:34Z","timestamp":1714104394000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase and the risk of all\u2010cause and disease\u2010specific mortality in patients with diabetes: A nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Goh Eun","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su\u2010Min","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Jong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7802-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong\u2010Ju","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital  Gyeonggi\u2010do Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Liver and Pancreatobiliary Cancer National Cancer Center  Goyang Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu\u2010na","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine &amp; 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