{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T05:40:09Z","timestamp":1756273209783,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92023D00002","75N92023D00005","R01HL150053","R01HL098445","R01HL136685"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92023D00002","75N92023D00005","R01HL150053","R01HL098445","R01HL136685"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007059","name":"Northwestern University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92023D00004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92023D00004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007059","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007249","name":"University of Minnesota","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92023D00006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92023D00006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007249","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Artificial sweeteners have become ubiquitous additives in the food supply, and yet the safety of their regular consumption remains controversial. The present study examined whether intakes of aspartame or saccharin are related to aberrations in the plasma metabolome indicating disruptions in metabolism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cohort of 2160 male and female participants, mean age 32.1\u2009years, was included in the analysis. Liquid chromatography and mass\u2010spectrometry assessed 549 unique plasma metabolites. Diet was assessed using a validated questionnaire that allowed for estimation of aspartame and saccharin intakes. A generalized linear regression model evaluated associations of saccharin or aspartame intake with plasma metabolites with adjustment for potential confounders and multiple comparisons. Multiple sensitivity analyses and propensity score matching were conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heavy aspartame intake (\u2265\u20095\u2009servings\/day) was associated with plasma levels (per SD) of saccharin (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.90; <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099.0E\u201036), myo\u2010inositol (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.27; <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.7E\u201004), caffeine (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.31; <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094.1E\u201004), and five metabolites of caffeine including 1,7\u2010dimethyluric acid (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.37; <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097.1E\u201006), 1\u2010methylurate (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.36; <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097.1E\u201006), 5\u2010acetylamino\u20106\u2010amino\u20103\u2010methyluracil (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.38; <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.2E\u20106), theophylline (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.36; <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099.1E\u201006), and 1\u2010methylxanthine (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.32; <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.0E\u201003). Saccharin intake was associated with plasma levels of saccharin alone (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.29; <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.8E\u201010). No associations with sugars, carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, or other metabolites that would suggest metabolic perturbations were observed with either artificial sweetener; sensitivity analyses supported these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the largest metabolomics study to date, no link was found between metabolic disruptions and either aspartame or saccharin intake. We cannot exclude the possibility that more extreme intakes may be related to metabolic disruptions among consumers of artificial sweeteners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.70138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T08:01:22Z","timestamp":1754985682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["No Evidence of Metabolomic Disruptions From Real\u2010World Intakes of Aspartame or Saccharin: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8010-2530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian T.","family":"Steffen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Computational Health Sciences, Department of Surgery University of Minnesota School of Medicine  Minneapolis Minnesota 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Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Van Horn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Division, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University in Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center (VTRACC) Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John Jeffrey","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center (VTRACC) Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyn 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