{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T21:27:38Z","timestamp":1793136458245,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003504","name":"University of the Western Cape","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly impairs male reproductive health, largely through hyperglycemia\u2010induced oxidative stress (OS). Elevated glucose activates detrimental metabolic pathways, notably the polyol pathway, which depletes antioxidant defenses and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). This oxidative burden damages spermatozoa, leading to reduced motility, abnormal morphology, DNA fragmentation, and disrupted membrane integrity. OS also compromises the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal axis, lowering testosterone synthesis and impairing spermatogenesis. The formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and chronic inflammation further exacerbate Leydig and Sertoli cell dysfunction, microvascular injury, and testicular apoptosis. Clinical evidence consistently links DM to deteriorated semen parameters, hormonal imbalances, and reduced natural conception rates, with poorer outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies. Obesity and metabolic syndrome, common comorbidities in DM, amplify oxidative stress and further impair fertility potential. While seminal plasma contains enzymatic and non\u2010enzymatic antioxidants, these defenses are often insufficient in diabetic men. Targeted interventions, including antioxidant therapy, lifestyle modifications, glycemic control, and management of comorbidities, offer promise in mitigating oxidative damage. This review synthesizes current evidence on the molecular, endocrine, and clinical consequences of DM\u2010related oxidative stress on male fertility, underscoring the need for integrated management strategies to preserve reproductive function in diabetic men.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.70157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T14:05:52Z","timestamp":1761141952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Impact of Diabetes Mellitus\u2010Related Oxidative Stress on Male Fertility: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2150-2804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon Mwaringa","family":"Dena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of the Western Cape  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9718-6953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adesola Oluwaseun","family":"Adeleye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of the Western Cape  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3230-5007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kutullo","family":"Mohlala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of the Western Cape  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0895-6309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bridget Cebisile","family":"Langa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of the Western Cape  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0804-2278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chinyerum Sylvia","family":"Opuwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences University of the Western Cape  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.Henson O.Anyiam andD.Vishnubala \u201cType 2 Diabetes. Exercise Management for Referred Medical Conditions. 2023; 223\u2013252\u201d https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK513253\/.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315102399-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","unstructured":"G.Roglic \u201cWorld Health Organization. 2017. Global Report on Diabetes. 86 p\u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13342"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092217"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020599"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","unstructured":"WHO \u201cInfertility Prevalence Estimates\u201d(2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16793-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","volume-title":"Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome","author":"Adeyinka A.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1168"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035285"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161117666190405165151"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.10-5-505"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810043"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8416763"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10071025"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1520835"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119352"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106326"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107613"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/61038"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000077408.15865.06"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(86)90180-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.203.10.1513"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/11.supp5.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01485019308988368"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dem077"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13140"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2011.01213.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","first-page":"403","article-title":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Affects Male Fertility Potential","volume":"58","author":"Singh A. K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12097"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399813666170425152046"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2007.00849.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12149"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2017.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2018.03.25"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","article-title":"Assessment of the Effects of Oxidative Stress on Some Reproductive Hormones in Male Hypertensive Subjects at NAUTH, Nnewi","volume":"10","author":"Ikechukwu Onwubuya E.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_15_40_1","first-page":"461","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Male Infertility: A Cross Sectional Study","volume":"70","author":"Rehman R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-01034-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/jabet.2024.d27"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007\u20102177"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jdm.2025.151005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Yeste R.Sharma E.Fok et\u00a0al. \u201cDiabetes Mellitus and Infertility: Different Pathophysiological Effects in Type 1 and Type 2 on sperm Function \u201d9(2018):25 www.frontiersin.org.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00268"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/endocrines2030031"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_47_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diabetes\u2010Induced Male Infertility: Potential Mechanisms and Treatment Options","volume":"30","author":"Huang R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/jhp.2025.52803"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1288326"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2022-003218"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3376-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2731-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03618.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew200"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2010.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.Yar Qamar M. I.Naveed S.Raza et\u00a0al. \u201cRole of Antioxidants in Fertility Preservation of sperm\u2010A Narrative review \u201d36 no.3(2023):385\u2013403.","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.22.0325"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_15_57_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Association Between a Marker of sperm Dna Damage and sperm Indices in Infertile Males in Benin City, Nigeria: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study","volume":"19","author":"Yusuf I.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.03.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.8.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224\u2010011\u20100070\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.11.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12061"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12762"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12301\u2010020\u201000061\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.04.042"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_15_66_1","first-page":"114","article-title":"Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Infertile Men: A Comparative Study in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria","volume":"9","author":"Ahmed A. Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bayero Journal of Medical Laboratory Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2022.822257"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020\u2010024\u201001019\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13082"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_15_70_1","first-page":"1383","article-title":"Association Between Body Mass Index and Semen Quality: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"48","author":"Li Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S289923"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2025.1520938"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms050"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_75_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Mechanisms Linking Obesity to Male Infertility","volume":"68","author":"Katib A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Central European Journal of Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5300"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2014.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2000.00755.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jhrs.JHRS_150_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13581"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12091732"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)04237-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei122"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010328"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2012.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.2014.32.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10091473"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14030805"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-018-0431-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03782-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.1104326"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2013.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1326546"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-23-0097"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)00404-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_98_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production in Seminal Fluid Correlate With the Severity of Vericocele in Infertile Men","volume":"6","author":"Moein M. R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2008.00852.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2010.94"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-10-92"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1070692"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12060827"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.788901"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)00337-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.42583"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00378.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/stresses2030019"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030322"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418\u2010023\u201002259\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153673"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9010078"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-22-0200"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18040792"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.5851"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12081559"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.452151"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03253-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aju.2017.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228499"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59101769"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-55382008000400011"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201708007"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/RAF\u201023\u20100024"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_15_125_1","first-page":"196","article-title":"Glutathione: New Roles in Redox Signaling for an Old Antioxidant","volume":"2014","author":"Aquilano K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7762\/cnr.2019.8.3.229"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_15_127_1","first-page":"4698","article-title":"Comparison of L\u2010Carnitine vs. Coq10 and Vitamin E for Idiopathic Male Infertility: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"26","author":"Ma L.","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_15_128_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Zinc Is an Essential Element for Male Fertility: A Review of Zn Roles in Men's Health, Germination, Sperm Quality, and Fertilization","volume":"19","author":"Fallah A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Reproduction & Infertility"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13101228"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S409373"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.210001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.111085"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-82502016000400002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12891"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26092495"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200170"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2023.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-9-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1119153"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12649"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57020159"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14538"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.220199"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.240091"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2024.107004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.1\/klrooney"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2014.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021GH000552"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det020"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_15_152_1","first-page":"468","article-title":"Stay Cool! Special Underwear for Cyclic Cooling Significantly Decreases Scrotal Skin Temperature","volume":"74","author":"Zumstein V.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Central European Journal of Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1978.tb01324.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.169985"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-021-00496-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_156_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Benefits and Consequences of Testosterone Replacement Therapy: A Review","volume":"9","author":"Polackwich A. S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1474651411407558?download=true"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12061139"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.210025"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_15_160_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"Stress Hormone and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Link Obesity and Diabetes With Reduced Fertility Potential","volume":"21","author":"Abbasihormozi S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/boc.202300127"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15034142"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_163_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical Applications of Stem Cell\u2010Derived Exosomes","volume":"9","author":"Tan F.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052542"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2019.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051400"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1753-0407.70157","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T15:32:12Z","timestamp":1761838332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1753-0407.70157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":165,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1753-0407.70157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1753-0407.70157","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1753-0393","1753-0407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1753-0393","type":"print"},{"value":"1753-0407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70157"}}