{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T14:41:35Z","timestamp":1776091295687,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,28]],"date-time":"2012-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Imag Rad Onc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic volumetric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> in the assessment of the paediatric airway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ethics board approval was obtained for this retrospective review. Eight infants (median age 6 months, range 3 weeks to 1 year, 50% female) at a tertiary paediatric centre with complex clinical respiratory presentation underwent volumetric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> assessment of their airways. The entire lungs were examined over 1\u20132 respiratory cycles. In four patients, intravenous contrast was administered to assess for vascular airway compression. The patients were not intubated. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> findings were correlated with bronchography and bronchoscopy, where available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two patients had diffuse tracheobronchomalacia associated with chronic lung disease. One patient demonstrated focal severe cervical tracheomalacia. One patient had a double aortic arch causing fixed narrowing with superimposed malacia of the distal trachea. Four patients had normal airways; one with chronic lung disease, one demonstrating air trapping. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> findings were concordant with bronchography (one case) and bronchoscopy (four cases) in all but one (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> negative, bronchoscopy positive) but did not alter patient management.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The assessment of the paediatric airway, and in particular for tracheobronchomalacia, is difficult. Assessment with bronchography, bronchoscopy, helical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content> have issues with reliability, intubation, intratracheal\/bronchial contrast administration and ionising radiation. Volumetric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> assesses the entire central airway in children at much lower radiation dose compared with previous dynamic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> imaging. This non\u2010invasive, rapid assessment obviates the need for patient cooperation and enables evaluation of extratracheal intrathoracic structures. Volumetric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> enables four\u2010dimensional assessment for paediatric tracheobronchomalacia without intubation or patient cooperation and at low radiation dose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,28]],"date-time":"2012-12-28T10:46:16Z","timestamp":1356691576000},"page":"141-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Dynamic volumetric computed tomographic assessment of the young paediatric airway: Initial experience of rapid, non\u2010invasive, four\u2010dimensional technique"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Judith Zhi\u2010Yie","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Children's Southern Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Crossett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Children's Southern Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ditchfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Children's Southern Health"},{"name":"Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949110001013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2513081280"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.208.3.9722857"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(03)00023-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2352040309"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-008-0794-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2008.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200105000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(03)80117-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.1.1760205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200003000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.6.g00nv071787"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2164"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.062604"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1754-9485.12009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1754-9485.12009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T00:12:33Z","timestamp":1697328753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1754-9485.12009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,28]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1754-9485.12009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1754-9485.12009","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1754-9477","1754-9485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1754-9477","type":"print"},{"value":"1754-9485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-04-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-07-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-12-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}