{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T16:35:38Z","timestamp":1785602138320,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,16]],"date-time":"2013-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Imag Rad Onc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>Radiation\u2010induced thyroid dysfunction after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC<\/jats:styled-content>) has been reported. This study investigated the radiation effects of the thyroid and pituitary glands on thyroid function after radiotherapy for NPC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Sixty\u2010five NPC<\/jats:styled-content> patients treated with radiotherapy were recruited. Baseline thyroid hormone levels comprising free triiodothyronine (fT<\/jats:styled-content>3), free thyroxine (fT<\/jats:styled-content>4) and thyroid\u2010stimulating hormone (TSH<\/jats:styled-content>) were taken before treatment and at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. A seven\u2010beam intensity\u2010modulated radiotherapy plan was generated for each patient. Thyroid and pituitary gland dose volume histograms were generated, dividing the patients into four groups: high (>50\u2009Gy<\/jats:styled-content>) thyroid and pituitary doses (HTHP<\/jats:styled-content> group); high thyroid and low pituitary doses (HTLP<\/jats:styled-content> group); low thyroid and high pituitary doses; and low thyroid and pituitary doses. Incidence of hypothyroidism was analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Twenty\u2010two (34%) and 17 patients (26%) received high mean thyroid and pituitary doses, respectively. At 18 months, 23.1% of patients manifested various types of hypothyroidism. The HTHP<\/jats:styled-content> group showed the highest incidence (83.3%) of hypothyroidism, followed by the HTLP<\/jats:styled-content> group (50%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>NPC<\/jats:styled-content> patients with high thyroid and pituitary gland doses carried the highest risk of abnormal thyroid physiology. The dose to the thyroid was more influential than the pituitary dose at 18 months after radiotherapy, and therefore more attention should be given to the thyroid gland in radiotherapy planning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,16]],"date-time":"2013-05-16T11:20:57Z","timestamp":1368703257000},"page":"713-718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Evaluation of clinical hypothyroidism risk due to irradiation of thyroid and pituitary glands in radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal cancer patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Zhixiong","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Hospital Shantou University Medical College Shantou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Hospital Shantou University Medical College Shantou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjia","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Hospital Shantou University Medical College Shantou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhining","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Hospital Shantou University Medical College Shantou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaijun","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Hospital Shantou University Medical College Shantou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent WC","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong 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