{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T02:18:52Z","timestamp":1779329932604,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,3]],"date-time":"2014-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Imag Rad Onc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of injecting a temporary spacer between the rectum and the prostate and to quantify the degree of rectal dosimetric improvement that might result.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Ten patients underwent CT<\/jats:styled-content> and MRI<\/jats:styled-content> before and after injection of 10\u2009cc<\/jats:styled-content> of hydrogel and at completion of radiotherapy. Hydrogel was injected under general anaesthetic using a transperineal approach. The primary endpoints were perioperative toxicity and rectal dosimetry (V<\/jats:styled-content>80, V<\/jats:styled-content>75, V<\/jats:styled-content>70, V<\/jats:styled-content>65, V<\/jats:styled-content>40 and V<\/jats:styled-content>30). Secondary endpoints were acute gastrointestinal toxicity during and 3 months following radiotherapy and the stability of the hydrogel. Treatment for all patients was planned incorporating volumetric modulated arc therapy with a D<\/jats:styled-content>95 of 80\u2009Gy<\/jats:styled-content> in 40 fractions to the prostate and proximal seminal vesicles on both the pre\u2010 and post\u2010hydrogel scans. Toxicity was scored with the C<\/jats:styled-content>ommon T<\/jats:styled-content>erminology C<\/jats:styled-content>riteria, v. 3.0.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In the first 24\u2009h, two patients described an increase in bowel movement frequency. The comparison plans had identical prescription doses. Rectal doses were significantly lower for all hydrogel patients for all dose endpoints (V<\/jats:styled-content>80\u2009=\u20097% vs. 0.1%, V<\/jats:styled-content>75\u2009=\u200910.3% vs. 1.1%, V<\/jats:styled-content>70\u2009=\u200913.2% vs. 2.7%, V<\/jats:styled-content>65\u2009=\u200915.8% vs. 4.6%, V<\/jats:styled-content>40\u2009=\u200935.2% vs. 23.3%, V<\/jats:styled-content>30\u2009=\u200952.6% vs. 38.5%; P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001). Post\u2010treatment MRI<\/jats:styled-content> showed gel stability. Grade 1 bowel toxicity was reported in six patients during radiotherapy and two patients at 3 months' follow\u2010up. No Grade 2 or Grade 3 acute bowel toxicity was reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>SpaceOAR<\/jats:styled-content> hydrogel was successfully injected in 10 patients with minimal side effects. Rectal dosimetry was significantly improved in all patients. This study has been extended to 30 patients with longer follow\u2010up planned.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,3]],"date-time":"2014-03-03T11:53:16Z","timestamp":1393847596000},"page":"511-516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Feasibility of and rectal dosimetry improvement with the use of SpaceOAR<\/scp>\u00ae hydrogel for dose\u2010escalated prostate cancer radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Kirsten","family":"van Gysen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Sydney Cancer Centre Royal North Shore Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Kneebone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Sydney Cancer Centre Royal North Shore Hospital Sydney New South Wales 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