{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T18:56:21Z","timestamp":1774032981688,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]],"date-time":"2014-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002468","name":"Dong-A University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002468","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Imag Rad Onc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rectal volume and movement are major factors that influence prostate location. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a rectal enema on intrafraction prostate motion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data from 12 patients with localised prostate cancer were analysed. Each patient underwent image\u2010guided radiotherapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>), receiving a total dose of 70\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Gy<\/jats:styled-content> in 28 fractions. Rectal enemas were administered to all of the patients before each <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content> fraction. The location of the prostate was determined by implanting three fiducial markers under the guidance of transrectal ultrasound. Each patient underwent preparation for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGRT<\/jats:styled-content> twice before an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content> fraction and in the middle of the fraction. The intrafraction displacement of the prostate was calculated by comparing fiducial marker locations before and in the middle of an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content> fraction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rectal enemas were well tolerated by patients. The mean intrafraction prostate movement in 336 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content> fractions was 1.11\u2009\u00b1\u20090.77\u2009mm (range 0.08\u20137.20\u2009mm). Intrafraction motions of 1, 2 and 3\u2009mm were observed in 56.0%, 89.0% and 97.6% of all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content> fractions, respectively. The intrafraction movements on supero\u2010inferior and anteroposterior axes were larger than on the right\u2010to\u2010left axes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010to\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTV<\/jats:styled-content> margin necessary to allow for movement, calculated using the van Herk formula (2.5\u03a3\u2009+\u20090.7\u03c3), was 1.50\u2009mm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A daily rectal enema before each <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content> fraction was tolerable and yielded little intrafraction prostate displacement. We think the use of rectal enemas is a feasible method to reduce prostate movement during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]],"date-time":"2014-09-17T09:29:16Z","timestamp":1410946156000},"page":"236-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of rectal enema on intrafraction prostate movement during image\u2010guided radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Youngmin","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiation Oncology School of Medicine Dong\u2010A University Hospital  Busan South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong\u2010Won","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiation Oncology School of Medicine 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