{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T23:01:36Z","timestamp":1756076496110},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,4]],"date-time":"2015-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Imag Rad Onc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Washout is an important diagnostic imaging feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCC<\/jats:styled-content>) on computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>). The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and the interobserver variation in the detection of portal venous phase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVP<\/jats:styled-content>) washout of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCCs<\/jats:styled-content> using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> in a transplant population. The secondary aim is to evaluate factors influencing the detection of PVP washout.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010five patients who underwent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> liver imaging within the 60 days before transplantation had viable <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCCs<\/jats:styled-content> confirmed on pathology. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed the images for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCCs<\/jats:styled-content> including features of arterial enhancement and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVP<\/jats:styled-content> washout. Clinical data, peak kilovoltage, imaging features of portal hypertension, region of interest attenuation measurements of the individual lesions, background liver parenchyma and portal vein were obtained. Liver to lesion attenuation ratio was also calculated. Statistical analysis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The two readers identified 50 arterially enhancing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCCs<\/jats:styled-content> in 45 patients. In consensus, the two readers identified washout in 60% of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCCs<\/jats:styled-content> with a substantial interobserver agreement (kappa\u2009=\u20090.633). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVP<\/jats:styled-content> washout was associated with larger lesion size, increased background liver parenchyma attenuation, increased liver to lesion attenuation ratio, increased portal vein attenuation and hepatitis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content> viral status (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027, 0.008, 0.014, 0.017 and 0.037 respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our transplant population, portal venous phase washout was seen in 60% of the hypervascular <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCCs<\/jats:styled-content>. Factors influencing the presence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVP<\/jats:styled-content> washout include lesion size as well as the liver and portal vein attenuation reflective of the portal haemodynamics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,4]],"date-time":"2015-08-04T09:47:28Z","timestamp":1438681648000},"page":"673-680","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Washout of hepatocellular carcinoma on portal venous phase of multidetector computed tomography in a pre\u2010transplant population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Yu Xuan","family":"Kitzing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard 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