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Visual assessment of mammographic density by radiologists is commonly used in clinical practice; however, these assessments have been shown to be more subjective than quantitative methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 40 cases of left cranial\u2010caudal (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>) and mediolateral oblique (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MLO<\/jats:styled-content>) radiographs from 20 women.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANZCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010registered radiologists (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a026) estimated mammographic breast density of the same images according to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANZCR<\/jats:styled-content>synoptic scales 1\u20134. All images had their volumetric density classified using Volpara Density Grade (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDG<\/jats:styled-content>) and Average Volumetric Breast Density percentage (Av<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that the radiologists sampled had specialized for 17.18\u00a0years (<jats:italic>sd<\/jats:italic>12.03) and read 2072 (<jats:italic>sd<\/jats:italic>2441) mammograms per year on average. Inter\u2010observer agreement using<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANZCR<\/jats:styled-content>synoptic scales had an average Kappa of 0.360; (95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.308\u20130.412) and a range of 0.078\u20130.499. Radiologists estimated percentage density was lower by 0.37 than<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDG<\/jats:styled-content>, with their mean being 2.18 and the mean<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDG<\/jats:styled-content>was 2.55 (<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22123.873;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDG<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANZCR<\/jats:styled-content>showed a positive strong correlation (\u03c1\u00a0=\u00a00.898;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Av<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>% and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANZCR<\/jats:styled-content>also showed a positive strong correlation (\u03c1\u00a0=\u00a00.904;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The inter\u2010observer agreement with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RANZCR<\/jats:styled-content>synoptic scales was fair. Wide inter\u2010observer variability was observed. Continued research on appropriate assessment methods for mammographic density assessment is required to avoid unnecessary variations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,10]],"date-time":"2016-04-10T12:34:08Z","timestamp":1460291648000},"page":"329-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Inter\u2010observer variability in mammographic density assessment\u00a0using Royal Australian and New Zealand College of\u00a0Radiologists (<scp>RANZCR<\/scp>) synoptic scales"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Christine N","family":"Damases","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences and Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Allied Health Department University of Namibia Windhoek Namibia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Mello\u2010Thoms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences and Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark F","family":"McEntee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences and Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"GLOBOCAN2012:Estimated Cancer Incidence and Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012. 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