{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T19:10:33Z","timestamp":1772737833717,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Imag Rad Onc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>Focal 18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010Fluoride uptake on blood\u2010pool phase PET<\/jats:styled-content> represents regional hyperaemia, while it indicates osteoblastic activity on mineralization phase PET<\/jats:styled-content>. This study investigates the link between regional hyperaemia and osteoblastic activity in inflammatory and chronic lesions of ankylosing spondylitis (AS<\/jats:styled-content>) of the sacroiliac joints (SIJ<\/jats:styled-content>) using dual\u2010phase 18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010Fluoride PET<\/jats:styled-content>\/MRI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Thirteen patients (six men, seven women, age: 37\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010\u00a0years) with active AS<\/jats:styled-content> prospectively underwent dual\u2010phase 18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010Fluoride PET<\/jats:styled-content>\/MRI<\/jats:styled-content>. Blood\u2010pool phase PET<\/jats:styled-content> was acquired 6\u00a0min and mineralization phase PET<\/jats:styled-content> 40\u00a0min after injection of 158\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08 MB<\/jats:styled-content>q 18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010Fluoride. SIJ<\/jats:styled-content> quadrants (SQ<\/jats:styled-content>) were assessed regarding inflammatory lesions represented by bone marrow oedema (BME<\/jats:styled-content>), chronic AS<\/jats:styled-content> lesions such as erosion, fat deposition (FD<\/jats:styled-content>), sclerosis and ankylosis on MRI<\/jats:styled-content>, and regarding focal 18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010Fluoride uptake on both PET<\/jats:styled-content> datasets. Image quality (IQ<\/jats:styled-content>) of both PET<\/jats:styled-content> datasets and MRI<\/jats:styled-content> was evaluated using a 4\u2010point Likert scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Of 104 SQ<\/jats:styled-content>, there were 63.4% SQ<\/jats:styled-content> with FD<\/jats:styled-content>, 42.3% SQ<\/jats:styled-content> with BME<\/jats:styled-content>, 26.9% SQ<\/jats:styled-content> with erosions, 26% SQ<\/jats:styled-content> with sclerosis and 10.6% SQ<\/jats:styled-content> with ankylosis. BME<\/jats:styled-content> alone was associated with focal 18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010Fluoride uptake in 63.6% SQ<\/jats:styled-content> on blood\u2010pool phase and 90.9% SQ<\/jats:styled-content> on mineralization phase 18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010Fluoride PET<\/jats:styled-content>\/MRI<\/jats:styled-content>. Instead, FD<\/jats:styled-content>, erosion, sclerosis, ankylosis were not associated with focal 18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010Fluoride uptake on either blood\u2010pool or mineralization phase 18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010Fluoride PET<\/jats:styled-content>\/MRI<\/jats:styled-content>. SQ<\/jats:styled-content> showing BME<\/jats:styled-content> alone or a combination of BME<\/jats:styled-content> and chronic AS<\/jats:styled-content> lesions had a significantly higher percentage of focal 18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010Fluoride uptake on blood\u2010pool phase and mineralization phase PET<\/jats:styled-content>\/MRI<\/jats:styled-content> than SQ<\/jats:styled-content> showing AS<\/jats:styled-content> lesions without BME<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Both 18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010Fluoride PET<\/jats:styled-content> datasets provided high IQ<\/jats:styled-content>, albeit IQ<\/jats:styled-content> of mineralization phase PET<\/jats:styled-content> was superior to blood\u2010pool phase PET<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Dual\u2010phase 18<\/jats:sup>F\u2010Fluoride PET<\/jats:styled-content>\/MRI<\/jats:styled-content> of the SIJ<\/jats:styled-content> showed that inflammatory rather than chronic AS<\/jats:styled-content> lesions are associated with regional hyperaemia and osteoblastic activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T07:12:38Z","timestamp":1508915558000},"page":"313-319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Dual\u2010phase hybrid 18<\/sup>F\u2010Fluoride Positron emission tomography\/MRI<\/scp> in ankylosing spondylitis: Investigating the link between MRI<\/scp> bone changes, regional hyperaemia and increased osteoblastic activity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Lino M","family":"Sawicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University of Dusseldorf Dusseldorf Germany"},{"name":"Medical Faculty Clinic for Nuclear Medicine University of Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"L\u00fctje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Clinic for Nuclear Medicine University of Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xenofon","family":"Baraliakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Ruhr\u2010University Bochum Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne Herne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Ruhr\u2010University Bochum Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet Herne Herne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Kirchner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University of Dusseldorf Dusseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Boos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University of Dusseldorf Dusseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Heusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University of Dusseldorf Dusseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Ruhlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Clinic for Nuclear Medicine University of Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Clinic for Nuclear Medicine University of Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lale","family":"Umutlu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology University of Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harald H","family":"Quick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erwin L. 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