{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T11:09:37Z","timestamp":1720523377514},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Imag Rad Onc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skin bolus may routinely be used in the perineum to build up the surface dose in the treatment of anal cancer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACC<\/jats:styled-content>); this may contribute to significant acute skin toxicity. Skin bolus may not be needed with the introduction of modern radiotherapy techniques if these planning techniques would achieve adequate surface dose. Our study is to ascertain if appropriate skin dose can be achieved without the use of bolus when <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VMAT<\/jats:styled-content> is used in the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study includes 10 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACC<\/jats:styled-content> patients treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VMAT<\/jats:styled-content> radiotherapy. Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSLD<\/jats:styled-content>) are used to evaluate whether the calculated dose for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VMAT<\/jats:styled-content> planning technique (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VMAT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content>) accurately predicted the dose delivered to peri\u2010anal target region without bolus. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSLD<\/jats:styled-content> recorded the dose at the anal verge or at the lower most extent of the tumour for each patient over two fractions. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSLD<\/jats:styled-content> was read after each of the two fractions, and the average value was reported. The mean dose over a volume centred on the anal marker was calculated in the treatment planning system (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TPS<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TPS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010calculated dose was 186.1 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cG<\/jats:styled-content>y. The mean of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OSLD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010measured doses was 205.7 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cG<\/jats:styled-content>y for a single fraction. The mean of the measured doses was 10.6% higher than the mean of the calculated doses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The calculated dose for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VMAT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content> consistently under\u2010predicted the dose delivered to the peri\u2010anal target region without bolus. Routine use of skin bolus could be avoided with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VMAT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content> when the patient is treated in a supine position.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]],"date-time":"2018-05-24T02:46:31Z","timestamp":1527129991000},"page":"734-738","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Peri\u2010anal surface dose in anal canal <scp>VMAT<\/scp> radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Kurian","family":"Joseph","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology Department of Oncology University of Alberta &amp; Cross Cancer Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics Cross Cancer Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Warkentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Physics Department of Oncology University of Alberta &amp; Cross Cancer Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jihyun","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Physics Department of Oncology University of Alberta &amp; Cross Cancer Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunita","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology Department of Oncology University of Alberta &amp; Cross Cancer Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Tankel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Oncology Department of Oncology University of Alberta &amp; Cross Cancer Institute Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.16.1914"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.43.8085"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00016-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.0170"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","unstructured":"http:\/\/atc.wustl.edu\/protocols\/rtog-closed\/0529\/ANAL_Ca_CTVs_5-21-07_Final.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","article-title":"Dosimetric effects caused\u00a0by couch tops and immobilization devices: Report of AAPM Task Group 176","volume":"41","author":"Olch AJ","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2737160"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2804555"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncr223"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3596533"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4875698"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/4\/018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2009.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/49\/21\/005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(02)02756-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3267489"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4890795"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.01.086"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1754-9485.12748","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1754-9485.12748","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T04:20:21Z","timestamp":1694751621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1754-9485.12748"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1754-9485.12748"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1754-9485.12748","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1754-9477","1754-9485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1754-9477","type":"print"},{"value":"1754-9485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-01-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}