{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T13:19:43Z","timestamp":1789564783936,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008903","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008903","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Imag Rad Onc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>To clarify the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated proton beam therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBT<\/jats:styled-content>) for centrally located lung cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed 39 patients who received hypofractionated [\u22673\u00a0Gy (relative biological effectiveness: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBE<\/jats:styled-content>)\/fraction] <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBT<\/jats:styled-content> for centrally located <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">cT<\/jats:styled-content>1\u20102N0M0 (8th edition) lung cancer between 1999 and 2015. A tumour within 2\u00a0cm of the proximal bronchial tree was defined as a centrally located tumour.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010four patients (62%) were treated with 80\u00a0Gy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBE<\/jats:styled-content>) in 20 fractions (112\u00a0Gy<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>), whereas eight (21%) were treated with 66\u00a0Gy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBE<\/jats:styled-content>) in 10 fractions (109.56\u00a0Gy<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>). The median follow\u2010up period for censored patients was 48\u00a0months (range: 4\u2013140). The 2\u2010year progression\u2010free survival (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFS<\/jats:styled-content>) and overall survival (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OS<\/jats:styled-content>) rates were 86 and 100% for T1 disease and 56 and 94% for T2 disease, respectively. Patients who received 110\u00a0Gy<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> or higher showed significantly better <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFS<\/jats:styled-content> than those who received less than 110\u00a0Gy<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, while no significant difference was noted in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OS<\/jats:styled-content> between the two groups. The sites of the first progression were local in six patients (27%), regional in seven (32%), distant in seven (32%), and local and distant in two (9%). Among the 13 patients with loco\u2010regional recurrence, only two (15%) received treatments with curative intent. Dyspnoea of grade 3 was noted in one patient (3%), and pneumonitis of grade 2 was noted in four patients (10%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypofractionated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBT<\/jats:styled-content> may be a very safe and effective treatment option for centrally located early lung cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T13:41:30Z","timestamp":1559223690000},"page":"552-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Hypofractionated proton beam therapy for centrally located lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4592-4114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology and 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