{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:24:01Z","timestamp":1787509441254,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Imag Rad Onc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urolithiasis is frequently followed up with a low\u2010dose computed tomography of the kidneys ureters and bladder (LD\u2010CTKUB) with doses typically less than 3 millisieverts. Although X\u2010ray is a lower dose (0.5\u20131.1\u2009mSv) alternative for follow up, it has lower diagnostic accuracy and is limited to radiopaque calculi. This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of sub\u2010millisievert ultra\u2010low dose CT (ULD\u2010CTKUB) against X\u2010ray KUB for the follow up of urolithiasis when both are compared against the standard of care of a low\u2010dose CT KUB (LD\u2010CTKUB).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective study included patients with a known diagnosis of urolithiasis on prior CTKUB presenting for follow up. Each patient underwent a repeat reference LD\u2010CTKUB, ULD\u2010CTKUB and X\u2010ray KUB. All imaging studies were interpreted by three readers. The radiation dose and quantitative noise was calculated for each CT. Both CT and X\u2010ray were assessed for the presence, number and size of all calculi \u22652\u2009mm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 58 patients were included in this study. LD\u2010CTKUB identified 197 calculi. ULD\u2010CTKUB in our study had a mean effective dose of 0.5\u2009mSv compared to X\u2010ray KUB where doses range in the literature from 0.5 to 1.1\u2009mSv. Per\u2010patient pooled analysis for intrarenal calculi when comparing ULD\u2010CTKUB versus X\u2010ray KUB against a reference LD\u2010CTKUB found a sensitivity of 90% versus 67% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and specificity of 93% versus 98% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.18) respectively. For ureteric calculi, the sensitivity was 67% versus 33% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and specificity 94% versus 94% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.00) respectively. Per\u2010stone pooled analysis detection rate was 79% for ULD\u2010CTKUB versus 48% for X\u2010ray (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) when each was compared to the reference LD\u2010CTKUB. Interobserver agreement was high for intrarenal calculi and moderate for ureteric calculi.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sub\u2010millisievert ULD\u2010CTKUB had lower doses and higher sensitivity than X\u2010ray in patients requiring follow up of known urolithiasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.13605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T20:56:08Z","timestamp":1700859368000},"page":"132-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of ultra low\u2010dose computed tomography and X\u2010ray of the kidneys, ureters and bladder for urolithiasis in the follow\u2010up 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