{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:59:02Z","timestamp":1787061542066,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Imag Rad Onc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the incidence of pseudoprogression on\n 18<\/jats:sup>\n F\u2010FDG PET\/CT scans in metastatic melanoma patients commencing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and to determine the average time to confirmed\n 18<\/jats:sup>\n F\u2010FDG PET\/CT response in the pseudoprogression cohort identified.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients with metastatic melanoma who underwent baseline and follow\u2010up\n 18<\/jats:sup>\n F\u2010FDG PET\/CT scans after commencing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy at Alfred Hospital (2012\u20132023) were retrospectively reviewed. Cases of pseudoprogression were identified by a keyword search of reports and confirmed on image review by a nuclear medicine physician. Data on timing of confirmed response, immune\u2010related adverse events, and autoimmune history were also collected.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n 10\/401 (2.49%) metastatic melanoma patients were confirmed as having pseudoprogression on PET\/CT. 8\/10 (80%) had new FDG\u2010avid lesions and 2\/10 (20%) had an increase in size and SUVmax of original disease. 8\/10 (80%) of patients achieved complete metabolic remission on subsequent PET\/CT scans with an average time to confirmed reduction of disease on PET\/CT of 28.4\u2009weeks. 4\/10 (40%) received dual agent immunotherapy. 8\/10 (80%) developed irAEs of varying types and severity. 2\/10 (20%) had a history of pre\u2010existing autoimmune disease. 9\/10 (90%) of pseudoprogression patients are alive at last review.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Pseudoprogression on\n 18<\/jats:sup>\n F\u2010FDG PET\/CT occurred in approximately 2.5% of metastatic melanoma patients commencing immunotherapy with an average time to subsequent confirmed response of ~6\u2009months. This highlights the importance of not ceasing immunotherapy prematurely based on early\n 18<\/jats:sup>\n F\u2010FDG PET\/CT findings.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.70066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T15:00:26Z","timestamp":1767625226000},"page":"162-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Incidence of Reported Pseudoprogression on\n \n 18<\/sup>\n F\n <\/scp>\n \u2010\n FDG PET<\/scp>\n \/\n CT<\/scp>\n in Metastatic Melanoma Patients Undergoing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8280-1942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Macilwraith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7673-4655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Shackleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4631-5855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Haydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9424-0659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Nadebaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9423-3435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Mar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4281-8882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivek","family":"Naranbhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin H.","family":"Cherk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Alfred Hospital Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503093"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003466"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-09-1624"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30074-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0895"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","first-page":"74","article-title":"Predictive Value of Early 18F\u2010FDG PET\/CT in Melanoma Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors","volume":"10","author":"Sachpekidis C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"EJNMMI Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.13390"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy330"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Pseudoprogression on FDG PET\/CT After Immunotherapy for Metastatic Melanoma: A Case Series","volume":"21","author":"Schmitt A. M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"2131","article-title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor\u2010Related Pseudoprogression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"43","author":"Fakhry N.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Head & Neck"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-1136"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2016.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2016-0055"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-3346"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.119.229781"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0255-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1754-9485.70066","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1754-9485.70066","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1754-9485.70066","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T18:36:17Z","timestamp":1772994977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1754-9485.70066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1754-9485.70066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1754-9485.70066","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1754-9477","1754-9485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1754-9477","type":"print"},{"value":"1754-9485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}