{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T10:48:37Z","timestamp":1775904517547,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Imag Rad Onc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically review and compare reduced\u2010dose and standard\u2010dose computed tomography (CT) protocols for craniocerebral and craniofacial trauma, focusing on image quality and radiation dose optimisation strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were performed across PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and TripDatabase for studies published between November 2024 and January 2025. Observational studies comparing reduced\u2010dose with standard\u2010dose CT protocols were eligible. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. Data were extracted regarding scanner type, acquisition parameters, dose metrics (CTDIvol, DLP) and image quality assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 641 records screened, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. None reported diagnostic accuracy metrics; therefore, a quantitative descriptive synthesis was performed. Across studies, reduced\u2010dose CT protocols achieved 21%\u201389% dose reduction while maintaining comparable subjective and objective image quality. Iterative reconstruction, spectral shaping and current modulation were the most effective techniques for optimising image quality with lower radiation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence was limited to observational studies without diagnostic reference standards, and heterogeneity in protocol reporting restricted data comparability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reduced\u2010dose CT protocols demonstrate comparable subjective and objective image quality to standard\u2010dose acquisitions while achieving substantial radiation dose reductions. Techniques such as iterative reconstruction, tube\u2010voltage modulation, spectral shaping and automated exposure control were consistently associated with meaningful dose optimisation. These findings support the clinical feasibility and safety of implementing dose\u2010optimised CT protocols in trauma imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications for Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings support the clinical feasibility and safety of implementing dose\u2010optimised CT protocols for trauma imaging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.70087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T04:21:47Z","timestamp":1773980507000},"page":"304-314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reduced\u2010Dose Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Craniocerebral and Craniofacial Trauma: A Systematic Review of Image Quality and Radiation Dose Optimization"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9882-3456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayara Oliveira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo  Santos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine Cl\u00ednica Mega Imagem  Santos S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7874-9332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio Lu\u00eds","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Universidade de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto (UNAERP) \u2013 Campus Guaruj\u00e1  Guaruj\u00e1 S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Diagn\u00f3sticos da Am\u00e9rica S.A. 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