{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T23:06:29Z","timestamp":1782947189896,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Imag Rad Onc"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When planning prostate radiotherapy, full bladder preparation is widely used to displace bowel and bladder from high\u2010dose regions but is difficult to reproduce and can prolong workflows.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty men with localised prostate cancer\u2009\u00b1\u2009seminal vesicles underwent CT simulation with full and empty bladders. VMAT plans prescribing 60Gy in 20 fractions, with simultaneous integrated boost to 66Gy for Dominant intraprostatic lesions where indicated, were created on both datasets. Bladder, rectum, CTV and PTV were compared; dose\u2010volume histogram (DVH) endpoints included V30 and V60. Paired\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests (two\u2010sided\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05) were used to assess differences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bladder volumes were significantly lower with the empty\u2010bladder preparation (median 126.4\u2009cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; range 49.0\u2013246.3;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) versus full bladder (median 276.0\u2009cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; range 159.3\u2013625.7). CTV volumes were comparable (empty 65.9\u2009cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      vs. full 62.8\u2009cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.100). CTV dose was slightly reduced with empty bladder (60.0\u2009Gy vs. 60.1\u2009Gy;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), a statistically significant but clinically negligible difference, while PTV coverage (D50%) remained similar (60.5 vs. 60.3\u2009Gy;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.365). Bladder V30 was higher with an empty bladder (26.9% vs. 20.7%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), while V60 was comparable (0.8% vs. 1.0%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.368). In contrast, rectal V30 was lower with an empty bladder (15.6% vs. 19.9%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), and V60 was low in both groups (0.1% vs. 0.4%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.077).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Empty bladder planning maintained target coverage, increased bladder V30, and reduced rectal V30, with all other dose constraints satisfied. This approach may enhance comfort and efficiency without compromising dosimetry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.70139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T21:57:50Z","timestamp":1782943070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Empty Versus Full Bladder Protocols in Radiotherapy Planning for Localised Prostate Cancer: A Dosimetric Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1729-935X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca Louise","family":"Nield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GenesisCare  Southport Queensland Australia"},{"name":"GenesisCare  Tugun Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6699-0647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sagar","family":"Ramani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GenesisCare  Southport Queensland Australia"},{"name":"GenesisCare  Tugun Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5494-8751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Robert Harry","family":"Christie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GenesisCare  Southport Queensland Australia"},{"name":"GenesisCare  Tugun Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Bond University  Robina Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4535-3360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid Lois","family":"Trono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GenesisCare  Southport Queensland Australia"},{"name":"GenesisCare  Tugun Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","volume-title":"Prostate Cancer [Internet]","author":"Leslie S. W.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-025-03733-1","article-title":"Global Burden of Prostate Cancer: Age Period Cohort Analysis From 1990 to 2021 and Projections Until 2040","volume":"23","author":"Chu F.","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Journal of Surgical Oncology"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30102-4","article-title":"Conventional Versus Hypofractionated High\u2010Dose Intensity\u2010Modulated Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: 5\u2010Year Outcomes of the Randomised, Non\u2010Inferiority, Phase 3 CHHiP Trial","volume":"17","author":"Dearnaley D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","volume-title":"Prostate Adenocarcinoma Definitive EBRT High\u2010Risk","author":"eviQ","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","volume-title":"Effect of Bladder Filling on Doses to Prostate and Organs at Risk: A Treatment Planning Study","author":"Moiseenko V.","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","first-page":"1104","article-title":"The Impact of Bladder and Rectum Variability on Prostate Radiotherapy Dose Distribution","volume":"53","author":"JE M. K.","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.06.011","article-title":"Daily Variations in Delivered Doses in Patients Treated With Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer","volume":"66","author":"Kupelian P. A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.10.039","article-title":"Comparison of Localization Performance With Implanted Fiducial Markers and Cone\u2010Beam Computed Tomography for On\u2010Line Image\u2010Guided Radiotherapy of the Prostate","volume":"67","author":"Moseley D. J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-016-0681-z","article-title":"Dosimetric Impact of Different Bladder and Rectum Filling During Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Chen L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiation Oncology"},{"issue":"1146","key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20230020","article-title":"The Dosimetric Underpinning of Bladder Filling Criteria for Prostate Image\u2010Guided Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy","volume":"96","author":"Kong V.","year":"2023","journal-title":"British Journal of Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Hypofractionated Intensity\u2010Modulated Arc Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Long\u2010Term Outcome and Toxicity","volume":"84","author":"Fonteyne V.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiotherapy and Oncology"},{"issue":"1114","key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20200548","article-title":"The Implementation of an Empty Bladder Filling Protocol for Localised Prostate Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT): Early Results of a Single\u2010Institution Service Evaluation","volume":"93","author":"Chetiyawardana G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"British Journal of Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"e101","article-title":"Bowel and Bladder Preparation Protocols in Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy: A Prospective Multicentric Study","volume":"30","author":"Dr\u00e9an G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Oncology (Royal College of Radiologists)"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"460","article-title":"Less to Hold: A Randomised Feasibility Study of Bladder Preparation Protocols for Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy","volume":"31","author":"Hindley A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical Oncology (Royal College of Radiologists)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tipsro.2017.10.001","article-title":"The Impact of Bladder Preparation Protocols on Post Treatment Toxicity in Radiotherapy for Localised Prostate Cancer Patients","volume":"3","author":"Tsang Y. M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Technical Innovations & Patient Support in Radiation Oncology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Impact of Different Bladder Filling Instructions on Intrafractional Organ Motion During Prostate Radiotherapy","volume":"185","author":"Pinkawa M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Strahlentherapie und Onkologie"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","first-page":"963","article-title":"High Precision Prostate Cancer Irradiation by Clinical Application of an Offline Shrinkage\u2010Corrected Margin Recipe and a Decision Model for Rectum and Bladder Filling","volume":"55","author":"Meijer G. J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","volume-title":"MIM Maestro","author":"MIM Software Inc"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","volume-title":"Eclipse Treatment Planning System","author":"Varian Medical Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.01.023"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","first-page":"433","article-title":"Full Bladder, Empty Rectum? Revisiting a Paradigm in the Era of Adaptive Radiotherapy","volume":"200","author":"Malygina H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Strahlentherapie Und Onkologie"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","first-page":"1004","article-title":"Bladder Volume Reproducibility After Water Consumption in Patients With Prostate Cancer","volume":"25","author":"Choi Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2004.11.032","article-title":"Increased Risk of Biochemical and Local Failure in Patients With Distended Rectum on the Planning CT for Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy","volume":"62","author":"Crevoisier R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1754-9485.70139","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1754-9485.70139","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1754-9485.70139","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T21:57:54Z","timestamp":1782943074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1754-9485.70139"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1754-9485.70139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1754-9485.70139","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1754-9477","1754-9485"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1754-9477","type":"print"},{"value":"1754-9485","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1754-9485.70139"}}