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In this study, we constructed a high\u2010quality chromosome\u2010level genome assembly of <jats:italic>Hylyphantes graminicola<\/jats:italic>, which contained 13 chromosomes, with a genome length of 931.68\u00a0Mb and scaffold N50 of 77.07\u00a0Mb. Integrating genome, transcriptome, and proteome profiling, we identified a total of 59 coding genes among nine toxin gene families. Among them, Group 7 allergen (ALL7) protein was reported in spider venom for the first time. Its coding genes had a predicted signal peptide and maintained high expression levels in the venom, suggesting that ALL7 plays an important role in venom and maybe is a type of newly discovered venom toxin in the spider. By implementing comparative genomics, we found a similar gene number of main toxin gene families in spiders and the scorpion genome with conservative evolutionary rates, indicating that these toxin genes could be an ancient (~400 million years) and a conserved \"basic toolkit\" for spiders and scorpions to perform primary defence functions. Obtaining high\u2010quality chromosome\u2010level genomes from spiders not only facilitates venom research and toxin resource application, but also can improve comparative genomic analysis in other important traits, like the evolution of silk or behaviour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T01:43:12Z","timestamp":1645234992000},"page":"2333-2348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Chromosomal\u2010level genome of a sheet\u2010web spider provides insight into the composition and evolution of venom"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9875-3286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingyue","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1310-2711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengyu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5929-1154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhonge","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianlong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization\/Tea Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7398-0968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shujun","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3290-5416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587\u2010019\u20100036\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/21.13.3093"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu638"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp335"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"28","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology","author":"Bailey T. 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