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In this study, we report a high\u2010quality chromosome\u2010level genome assembly of the representative orange\u2010spotted grouper (\n                    <jats:italic>Epinephelus coioides<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). No duplication or deletion of sex differentiation\u2010related genes was found in the genome, suggesting that sex development in this grouper may be related to changes in regulatory sequences or environmental factors. Transcriptomic analyses showed that aromatase and retinoic acid are probably critical to promoting ovarian fate determination, and follicle\u2010stimulating hormone triggers the female\u2010to\u2010male sex change. Socially controlled sex\u2010change studies revealed that, in sex\u2010changing fish, the brain's response to the social environment may be mediated by activation of the phototransduction cascade and the melatonin synthesis pathway. In summary, our genomic and experimental results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of sex differentiation and sex change in the protogynous groupers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T22:06:43Z","timestamp":1673474803000},"page":"920-932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Mechanisms of sex differentiation and sex reversal in hermaphrodite fish as revealed by the\n                    <i>Epinephelus coioides<\/i>\n                    genome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Shuisheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences Sun 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