{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:14:52Z","timestamp":1788956092050,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008344","name":"Australian Institute of Marine Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008344","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Ecology Resources"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    DNA methylation is crucial for genome regulation and provides key insights into the interaction between genetics and environmental factors, offering valuable perspectives for ecological research. However, knowledge of DNA methylation patterns in nonmodel invertebrates remains limited. The present study addresses this knowledge gap by conducting the first methylome profiling of the Pacific crown\u2010of\u2010thorns seastar (CoTS;\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    cf.\n                    <jats:italic>solaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), a coral\u2010eating species that aggravates the decline of Indo\u2010Pacific coral reefs. Using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) we generated long\u2010read sequences, covering over 90% of CpG dinucleotides in the CoTS genome. Our analysis revealed a mosaic methylation landscape with moderate genome\u2010wide methylation levels of 37.7%. Comparative analysis highlights the intermediate methylation state observed in other deuterostome invertebrates, positioning them between the hypomethylated genomes of protostomes and the hypermethylated genomes of vertebrates. Methylation in CoTS was predominantly localised within gene bodies, especially in intronic regions, enabling modulation of gene expression and potentially supporting fitness in dynamic marine environments. Additionally, elevated methylation in repetitive elements suggests a role in genome defence. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of ONT for comprehensive methylome analysis in ecologically important nonmodel species and deepens our understanding of the epigenetic landscape in deuterostome invertebrates. We also present a detailed laboratory and bioinformatics workflow, including modified phenol\u2013chloroform protocols that address the challenge of extracting high molecular weight DNA from marine invertebrates. Together with the methylome profiles, these resources serve as a foundation for future research, enabling investigations into DNA methylation functions, applications for CoTS outbreak management and comparative studies across diverse lineages.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.70026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T09:44:49Z","timestamp":1754387089000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Methylome Profiling of a Deuterostome Invertebrate Using Oxford Nanopore Technology (\n                    <scp>ONT<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0933-9313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Lok Ting","family":"Kwong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Marine Science PMB 3 Townsville MC  Townsville Queensland Australia"},{"name":"College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Bebegu Yumba Campus  Townsville Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology James Cook University Bebegu Yumba Campus  Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2372-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa Maree","family":"Budd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Bebegu Yumba Campus  Townsville Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology James Cook University Bebegu Yumba Campus  Townsville Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Environomics Future Science Platform, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)  Crawley WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6809-1859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia Yun\u2010Hsuan","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Bebegu Yumba Campus  Townsville Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology James Cook University Bebegu Yumba Campus  Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1060-5447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Villacorta\u2010Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER) James Cook University Bebegu Yumba Campus  Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3476-6595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Uthicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Institute of Marine Science PMB 3 Townsville MC  Townsville Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2012-13-10-r87"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-022-01270-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42193"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-021-07711-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13699"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bestor T. 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