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Analysis of airborne environmental DNA (eDNA) is an emerging method used to track species distributions, but it is unknown whether airborne eDNA retains coherent ecological signals across terrestrial landscapes, or whether atmospheric mixing and DNA transport make it too spatially diffuse to resolve meaningful macroecological patterns. To address this question, we conducted a biodiversity survey using car\u2010mounted airborne eDNA sampling along a repeated 1155\u2009km route across south\u2010western Western Australia, spanning the Southwest Australian biodiversity hotspot and adjacent inland regions. This extensive and environmentally heterogeneous region faces ongoing pressures from habitat loss, invasive species and climate change, highlighting the need for scalable biodiversity monitoring approaches. Samples were collected at ~26\u2009km intervals and analysed using metabarcoding assays targeting plants, vertebrates and arthropods, with generalised dissimilarity modelling used to assess environmental drivers of community turnover. We detected a broad range of plants and animals, including species of ecological and biosecurity importance. Different taxonomic groups showed distinct spatial scales of airborne eDNA community similarity and beta diversity was structured primarily by habitat and environmental gradients rather than geographic distance alone. This indicates that airborne eDNA did not simply reflect spatially homogenised biological material but retained ecological structure informative of macroecological patterns. Together, these findings demonstrate that car\u2010mounted airborne eDNA can recover ecologically meaningful patterns of community turnover across heterogeneous terrestrial landscapes and support landscape\u2010scale biodiversity assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.70217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:00:15Z","timestamp":1792458015000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Car\u2010Mounted Airborne\n                    <scp>eDNA<\/scp>\n                    Sampling Detects Landscape Scale Biodiversity Turnover Along Environmental Gradients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6269-1789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua P.","family":"Newton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MBioMe \u2010 Mine Site Biomonitoring using eDNA Research Group, Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4424-3568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten E.","family":"Allentoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3036-5479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip W.","family":"Bateman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Ecology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Ferrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIRO  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip F.","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Aarhus University  Aarhus C Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8238-0534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Nevill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MBioMe \u2010 Mine Site Biomonitoring using eDNA Research Group, Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory, School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12755"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.824100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Babraham Bioinformatics","author":"Andrews S.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10453-019-09574-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2009.00490.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Baselga A. 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