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It has an incidence of 1.4\u20135.3% and is associated with a wide variety of etiologies\u2014mainly congenital, atherosclerotic, and inflammatory ones. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content> is very common in sickle cell disease, and possibly sickle cell trait, with an incidence of 17.7%. It is likely related to the inflammatory process associated with hemoglobin S. Prognosis depends mainly on the underlying etiology. Atherosclerotic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content> does not carry additional risks compared to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACAD<\/jats:styled-content>) without ectasia. However, isolated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content> in the absence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACAD<\/jats:styled-content> carries an increased risk of myocardial infarction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>) due to vasospasm, slower coronary blood flow, and thrombosis, typically within the dilated segments. Due to lack of studies and guidelines, management recommendations are based on personal experiences. Therapy should be tailored to each individual case after assessment of severity, history of complications, underlying etiology, and comorbidities. Treatment of underlying condition and avoidance of exacerbating factors are essential. Medical therapy in general may include antiplatelets, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010blockers, angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors statins, and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. In severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content> or history of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>, the addition of anticoagulation therapy after assessing bleeding risk may be warranted. In acute <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MI<\/jats:styled-content>, the large thrombus burden in the dilated segment makes the percutaneous approach very challenging. Aspiration attempts can result in distal thromboembolization. Survival is better in bypass grafting than with medical therapy. Nonetheless, bypass grafting does not improve survival in atherosclerotic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAE<\/jats:styled-content>. Depending on the physical characteristics of aneurysm, different surgical approaches can be sought; however, the ideal one is unclear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-5922.12106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,12]],"date-time":"2015-02-12T16:43:53Z","timestamp":1423759433000},"page":"79-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Coronary Artery Ectasia in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease, Inflammatory Disorders, and Sickle Cell Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Dahhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.67.1.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.40.4.393"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(10)80049-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.78.2.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.54.4.392"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"Coronary arteriographic profile in young and old Indian patients with ischaemic heart disease: a comparative study","volume":"42","author":"Sharma SN","year":"1990","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-8932(03)76902-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000066322"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.69.5.630"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(63)90064-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(81)90404-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(93)91071-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24695"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.4.1116"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000331977302400204"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(48)90337-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.35.1.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3182428f49"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(78)90902-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(86)80129-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319709361197"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.01.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015402"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-3701-3-44"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.5.1375"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(93)90060-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.05.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2006.09.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-007-0521-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000091414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019501-200502000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","unstructured":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.Sickle cell anemia. 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