{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T01:58:34Z","timestamp":1768874314101,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]],"date-time":"2015-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovascular Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heart failure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>) with hypoalbuminemia is associated with poor response to conventional therapy. We investigated whether tolvaptan, a potent aquaretic agent, might be of benefit in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content> patients with hypoalbuminemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We prospectively enrolled 40 patients hospitalized for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content>. Patients received conventional therapy including loop diuretics. We subsequently added tolvaptan in the range of 3.75\u201315\u00a0mg daily and it was discontinued after improvement of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms. We compared clinical and laboratory data in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content> patients with and without hypoalbuminemia (defined as serum albumin &lt;3.0\u00a0g\/dL).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tolvaptan was administered in 18 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content> patients with hypoalbuminemia (Group A) and 22 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content> patients without hypoalbuminemia (Group B). The mean serum albumin was 2.63\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.27 and 3.46\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.25\u00a0g\/dL, respectively. The average urine output on tolvaptan increased significantly in both groups (1644.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0797.6\u20133011.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01453.8\u00a0mL\/day, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004; 1459\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0612.7\u20132112.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0724.5\u00a0mL\/day, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008; respectively). In addition, we observed higher urine output on therapy in Group A than in Group B (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.015). There was a moderate negative correlation between serum albumin and average urine output on tolvaptan (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.42, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The addition of tolvaptan to low dose loop diuretics might be an effective strategy for treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HF<\/jats:styled-content> patients with hypoalbuminemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-5922.12142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]],"date-time":"2015-06-29T16:26:28Z","timestamp":1435595188000},"page":"275-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Efficacy of Tolvaptan in Congestive Heart Failure Patients with and Without Hypoalbuminemia: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Toshitaka","family":"Okabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology 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