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This study intends to investigate the role of miR\u2010181a in the regulation of ocular neovascularization in different pathophysiological conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>sequence to identify the micro<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>s components of anti\u2010angiogenic lymphocyte\u2010derived microparticles (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMP<\/jats:styled-content>s). The effect of miR\u2010181a on human retinal endothelial cells proliferation was assessed in vitro. The impact of miR\u2010181a on angiogenesis was confirmed using in vitro angiogenesis assay, ex vivo choroidal explant, and in vivo retinal neovascularization. The expression of major angiogenic factors was assessed by real\u2010time<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qPCR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>sequence revealed that miR\u2010181a is selectively enriched in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMP<\/jats:styled-content>s. Importantly, the inhibition of miR\u2010181a significantly abrogated the effect of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LMP<\/jats:styled-content>s on endothelial viability, but overexpression of miR\u2010181a reduced endothelial cell viability in a dose\u2010dependent manner. miR\u2010181a strongly inhibited in vitro angiogenesis and ex vivo choroidal neovascularization. The strong anti\u2010angiogenic effect of miR\u2010181a was also displayed on the retinal neovascularization of the in vivo mouse model of oxygen\u2010induced retinopathy. In keeping with its effect, several angiogenesis\u2010related genes were dysregulated in the miR\u2010181a overexpressed endothelial cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data may open unexpected avenues for the development of miR\u2010181a as a novel therapeutic strategy that would be particularly useful and relevant for the treatment of neovascular diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-5922.12329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T14:40:23Z","timestamp":1522680023000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["micro<scp>RNA<\/scp>\u2010181a inhibits ocular neovascularization by interfering with vascular endothelial growth factor 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