{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T09:38:19Z","timestamp":1767865099070,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gastrointestinal (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content>) involvement in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPA<\/jats:styled-content>) or microscopic polyangiitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPA<\/jats:styled-content>) is rare.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical charts of seven patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content> involvement were reviewed regarding clinical presentation, outcome, diagnostic tools and therapy. Second, the cellular composition of the inflammatory infiltrate associated with the vascular lesions in histological samples (ileum, colon, rectum, duodenum) were investigated to identify possible treatment targets. Immunohistochemistry was done with antibodies against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>20, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>3 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>34. Samples from a healthy control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015) were used for comparison.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean age at onset of the first symptoms of vasculitis was 48\u00a0\u00b1\u00a021.3\u00a0years. At time of diagnosis <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms were present in five out of seven patients (71%) and occurred during relapse of the vasculitis in two patients (29%). All patients had abdominal pain, four of seven (57%) had an acute kidney injury and three patients required renal replacement therapy. At the time of diagnosis five of seven patients (71%) required surgery and mean Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BVAS<\/jats:styled-content>) on admission was high (26.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.7). Regarding outcome, one patient died due to gastrointestinal bleeding. Histological analysis showed significantly higher expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>3 in this patient compared to the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). Analysis of expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>20 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>34 showed no statistically significant differences between patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPA<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content> involvement compared to the control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GI<\/jats:styled-content> involvement in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPA<\/jats:styled-content> is rare. Therapy directed at T cells might be an alternative treatment option.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.12203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,29]],"date-time":"2013-10-29T13:36:58Z","timestamp":1383053818000},"page":"412-419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Gastrointestinal involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis: histological features and outcome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Joerg","family":"Latus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Robert\u2010Bosch Hospital Stuttgart Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Koetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Robert\u2010Bosch Hospital Stuttgart 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