{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T22:21:56Z","timestamp":1759962116216},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,11]],"date-time":"2013-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methylation abnormalities in T lymphocytes have been reported to correlate with systemic lupus erythematosus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content>). Previous studies identified hypomethylation in the promoter of several genes linked to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content>. Long interspersed nucleotide element\u20101 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LINE<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101) constitutes 17\u201325% of the human genome, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LINE<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 hypomethylation has been reported in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content>. Limited information is available regarding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LINE<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 methylation in juvenile <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">JSLE<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methylation levels of LINE\u20101 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 59 JSLE and 47 control samples were examined by matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization time\u2010of\u2010flight mass spectrometry. Total homocysteine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tH<\/jats:styled-content>cy) concentrations in plasma were measured by immunoassay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant hypomethylation of LINE\u20101 was observed in PBMCs from JSLE patients (60.93% in cases compared with 62.88% in controls, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001). Significant LINE\u20101 hypomethylation was observed in active SLE compared to controls (60.66% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 62.88%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001). According to other clinical parameters, a significant correlation was found between LINE\u20101 methylation levels and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI\u20102000) of the cases (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.285, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.032). The risk of JSLE increased with decreasing levels of LINE\u20101 methylation, with an odds ratio of 14.5 (95% CI: 2.8\u201375.6, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002). Cases had significantly higher plasma concentrations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tH<\/jats:styled-content>cy than controls (15.11 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 11.02\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.028); the correlation between LINE\u20101 methylation levels and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tH<\/jats:styled-content>cy was significant (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.013). Correlations between methylation levels of LINE\u20101 and complement component 3 were significant (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.317, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.044; <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.387, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.031, in total JSLE and active JSLE, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypomethylation of LINE\u20101 is associated with risk of JSLE, and LINE\u20101 methylation levels were related to disease activity and clinical manifestations. The correlation between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tH<\/jats:styled-content>cy levels and LINE\u20101 methylation was significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.12239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,11]],"date-time":"2013-12-11T12:26:38Z","timestamp":1386764798000},"page":"280-290","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Hypomethylation of long interspersed nucleotide element\u20101 in peripheral mononuclear cells of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus patients in <scp>C<\/scp>hina"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Xiaolan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory for Clinical Research Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaixiu","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatism and Immunity Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Immunity Department Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaofang","family":"Shangguan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Immunity Department Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodai","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory for Clinical Research Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatism and Immunity Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatism and Immunity Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengnan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatism and Immunity Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Immunity Department Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fengqi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatism and Immunity Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Immunity Department Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Autoimmunity, Methods and Protocols","author":"Perl A","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-9668.92319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203311416694"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker263"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2009.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203310381514"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"HMOX1 promoter (GT)n polymorphim is associated with childhood\u2010onset systemic lupus erythematosus but not with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in a Mexican population","volume":"30","author":"Cordova EJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2009.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10234"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2009.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.10.6212"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.9.6352"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780331109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"UlluE(2002)In vivo analysis of RNA interference in Trypanosoma brucei. 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