{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T11:24:12Z","timestamp":1787916252667,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,27]],"date-time":"2014-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the etiology of plasma cell dyscrasia is poorly understood, there is evidence for immune dysregulation or sustained immune stimulation playing a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of these diseases, including chronic infection and autoimmune disorders. In this study, we report four autoimmune disease cases where monoclonal gammopathy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>) was incidentally found during follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts and laboratory test results in the following four cases: neuromyelitis optica, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>ikuchi disease, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>j\u00f6gren syndrome and ankylosing spondylosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The four patients were older than 55\u00a0years and the male\u2010to\u2010female ratio was 2\u00a0:\u00a02. The autoimmune disease in each case developed differently because two patients had coincidental detection of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>, whereas <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> was detected 2\u00a0years and 10\u00a0years after diagnosis in the other two patients. The amount of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010components in the blood for two cases was \u2264\u00a01\u00a0g\/dL. For the other two subjects, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010components were \u2265\u00a03\u00a0g\/dL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> of undetermined significance (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MGUS<\/jats:styled-content>) has been noted in a series of patients with immune disorders, suggesting a possible association with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content>. Further studies should focus on determining how <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MG<\/jats:styled-content> relates to various clinical information and laboratory parameters, such as disease duration, disease activity and higher sedimentation rate. In the future, we also need to identify which stimuli, such as cytokine types and levels, can induce lymphocyte clonal transformation and the production of monoclonal antibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.12267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,27]],"date-time":"2014-01-27T11:22:55Z","timestamp":1390821775000},"page":"635-639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A case series of autoimmune diseases accompanied by incidentally diagnosed monoclonal gammopathy: Is there a link between the two diseases?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sun Young","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine School of Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul South 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