{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T08:58:23Z","timestamp":1768899503209,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,8]],"date-time":"2014-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program)","award":["2012CB517700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012CB517700"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81200524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81200524"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Foundation of Ministry of Education of China","award":["20120001120008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20120001120008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human neutrophil peptides (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNP<\/jats:styled-content>) were recently implicated in the neutrophil extracellular trap (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>) complex, the impaired degradation of which has been associated with lupus nephritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content> patients, 40 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients without kidney injury, 63 immunoglobulin A nephropathy (Ig<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AN<\/jats:styled-content>) patients, 20 minimal change disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCD<\/jats:styled-content>) patients and 33 healthy controls were included in the present study. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content>, Ig<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AN<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCD<\/jats:styled-content> patients were diagnosed with renal biopsy. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content> patients were followed for a median period of 5.5\u00a0years. Clinical and laboratory data at the time of renal biopsy and follow\u2010up were collected for each <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content> patient. Serum levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNP<\/jats:styled-content>1\u20133 were measured with enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNP<\/jats:styled-content>1\u20103 levels in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content> patients were significantly higher than for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> patients without kidney injury (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001), Ig<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AN<\/jats:styled-content> patients (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.012), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCD<\/jats:styled-content> patients (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.010) and healthy controls (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.022). Serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNP<\/jats:styled-content>1\u20133 levels were an independent indicator of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.006, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 7.5, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.782\u201331.842), were statistically correlated with urinary protein excretion (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.009) and activity index (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.042) and were only marginally correlated with neutrophils (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.054) and white blood cell counts (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.051). Serum levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNP<\/jats:styled-content>1\u20133 were a predictor of proteinuria remission after correction for multiple parameters (multivariate hazard 0.209; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.046\u20130.951; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.043).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data from this study indicated that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNP<\/jats:styled-content>1\u20133, one component of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NET<\/jats:styled-content>, is a potential biomarker for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.12433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,8]],"date-time":"2014-09-08T05:05:51Z","timestamp":1410152751000},"page":"533-540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Human neutrophil peptide 1\u20133, a component of the neutrophil extracellular trap, as a potential biomarker of lupus nephritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Fa\u2010Juan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Division Department of Medicine Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology Key Laboratory of Renal Disease Ministry of Health of China Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University) Ministry of Education Beijing 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