{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T07:50:18Z","timestamp":1769845818199,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,27]],"date-time":"2014-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":87,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cyclophosphamide efficacy in lupus nephritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content>) and neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content>) is probably mediated by a non\u2010specific ablation of reactive lymphocytes. However, little is known in regard to its effect on T regulatory cells (Tregs) in such patients, which was the aim of this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten Caucasian lupus patients were included, six with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content> classes <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013V (mean age 33.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.8\u00a0years) and four with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content> (mean age 35.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.8\u00a0years, clinical manifestations: 1\/4 acute confusional state, 1\/4 psychosis, 2\/4 refractory seizures). Cyclophosphamide was administered at monthly pulses (500\u00a0mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/month for 6\u00a0months); doses of other administered drugs, including steroids, remained stable or lower. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOXP<\/jats:styled-content>3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Tregs were assessed by flow\u2010cytometry at baseline and before every subsequent pulse and 3\u20136\u00a0months after the final pulse. Disease activity was assessed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLE<\/jats:styled-content> Disease Activity Index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLEDAI<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content> patients, Tregs were significantly increased even after the fourth pulse (0.54\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.20% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 1.24\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.29%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001). Likewise, in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content>, Tregs were significantly expanded after the fourth pulse (0.57\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.23% <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 1.41\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.28%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLEDAI<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly reduced in all patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cyclophosphamide pulse therapy was associated with a significant increase of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>25<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOXP<\/jats:styled-content>3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Tregs in patients with active <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPSLE<\/jats:styled-content>. This effect is probably indirect and may partially explain the beneficial role of cyclophosphamide in such cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.12500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,28]],"date-time":"2014-11-28T15:22:39Z","timestamp":1417188159000},"page":"790-795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Increase of peripheral T regulatory cells during remission induction with cyclophosphamide in active systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Tselios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology Unit 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Sarantopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology Unit 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Gkougkourelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology Unit 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Papagianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Hippokration General Hospital Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panagiota","family":"Boura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology Unit 2nd Department of Internal Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1100359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3656"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157015911796557984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27371"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201940"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.12.8392"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-72005-0_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.4.2579"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","article-title":"CD4\u00a0+\u00a0CD25highFOXP3\u00a0+\u00a0 T regulatory cells as a biomarker of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study","author":"Tselios K","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2010.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00443.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.09.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.79.s3.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1954"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1771-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-011-9637-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03665.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02565.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03686.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.070367"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/269519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200324181"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-06-2410"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03521.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e3181bb499f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2011.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i1.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.85073"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/345164"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028649"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08916931003782155"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0138"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/823085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide treatment of MS: current therapeutic approaches and treatment regimens","volume":"17","author":"Elkhalifa A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int MS J"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1756-185X.12500","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1756-185X.12500","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1756-185X.12500","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T13:50:59Z","timestamp":1695477059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1756-185X.12500"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1756-185X.12500"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185x.12500","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1756-1841","1756-185X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1756-1841","type":"print"},{"value":"1756-185X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-11-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}