{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:57:48Z","timestamp":1785776268850,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Rheum Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>Primary: to investigate Italian rheumatology practice regarding latent tubercular infection (LTBI<\/jats:styled-content>) detection and tuberculosis (TB<\/jats:styled-content>) prevention in patients requiring anti\u2010tumor necrosis factor (anti\u2010TNF<\/jats:styled-content>) therapy. Secondary: to assess the overall number of TB<\/jats:styled-content> cases over 10\u00a0years and their distribution by drug.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>An anonymous, 24 multiple\u2010response questionnaire was completed by 393\/449 (87.5%) rheumatologists prescribing anti\u2010TNF<\/jats:styled-content> therapy. Six questions provided setting information, and 18 the compliance with recommendations and the recorded TB<\/jats:styled-content> cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The Italian recommendations were used by 323 (82%) and other sets by 60 (15%). TB<\/jats:styled-content> specialists were always consulted by 81 (21%) and occasionally by 73 (19%). LTBI<\/jats:styled-content> screening was made using chest radiograph (CR<\/jats:styled-content>) by 5%, tuburculin skin test (TST<\/jats:styled-content>) by 5.3%, CR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0TST<\/jats:styled-content> by 35.6%, interferon\u2010gamma release assay (IGRA<\/jats:styled-content>) by 7.4%, CR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0IGRA<\/jats:styled-content>s by 26% and CR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0TST<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0IGRA<\/jats:styled-content> by 20.6%. Isoniazid was initiated in the presence of positivity of TST<\/jats:styled-content> by 97 (24.7%), TST<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0IGRA<\/jats:styled-content> by 101 (25.7%) and IGRA<\/jats:styled-content> by 195 (49.6%). Anti\u2010TNF<\/jats:styled-content> starting delay was 1\u00a0month in 63.1% of the cases, 3\u00a0months in 27.7%, concomitantly in 5.6%. Overall, 317 TB<\/jats:styled-content> reactivation cases occurred in 39\u00a0353 patients, with an incidence rate of 80.5 cases\/100\u00a0000\/year (10 times higher than in the Italian general population). TB<\/jats:styled-content> occurred during TB<\/jats:styled-content> prophylaxis in 192 (60.6%). TB<\/jats:styled-content> cases incidence rate divided by drug was: etanercept (ETN<\/jats:styled-content>) 51 (16%), 28\/100\u00a0000\/year, adalimumab (ADA<\/jats:styled-content>) 98 (31%), 89\/100\u00a0000\/year, infliximab (IFX<\/jats:styled-content>) 137 (43.2%), 211\/100\u00a0000\/year, with a significantly lower frequency in the ETN<\/jats:styled-content> group compared to ADA<\/jats:styled-content> and IFX<\/jats:styled-content> groups (\u03c72<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a0P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>Italian rheumatologists are highly aware of anti\u2010TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related TB<\/jats:styled-content> risk with variable LTBI<\/jats:styled-content> screening and TB<\/jats:styled-content> prevention strategies. TB<\/jats:styled-content> outcome was significantly lower in the ETN<\/jats:styled-content> group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185x.12708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T12:56:41Z","timestamp":1436878601000},"page":"799-805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Latent tuberculosis infection detection and active tuberculosis prevention in patients receiving anti\u2010TNF<\/scp> therapy: an Italian nationwide survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Cantini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Misericordia e Dolce Hospital Prato Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ennio","family":"Lubrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Molise Campobasso Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Marchesoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Day Hospital Unit Istituto Ortopedico G. 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